Experimental Assessment of Resilient Controlled Rocking Masonry Walls with Replaceable Energy Dissipation
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 3
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have been conducted to evaluate the seismic response of controlled rocking masonry walls (CRMWs) that depend on unbonded post-tensioning (PT) tendons. The current paper describes the quasi-static cyclic testing of proposed controlled rocking masonry walls that omit PT but incorporate externally attached energy dissipation (ED-CRMWs). The proposed external energy dissipation (ED) is a flexural yielding device, named a flexural arm, that is bolted to the wall through a special steel hollow block to allow simple and fast replacement after an earthquake. As such, this wall system overcomes the limitation of internal ED devices (e.g., unbonded axial yielding bars) of being unreachable and unreplaceable after damage due to yielding or fracturing. In addition, the paper reports the retesting of the proposed controlled rocking wall after being repaired and subsequently compares the performance to that of the original wall in order to evaluate the wall resilience following seismic events. The experimental results are discussed in terms of the failure modes and damage pattern, force–displacement response, wall lateral load capacity, residual drifts, displacement ductility, and ED capacity. The results show that using a special hollow steel block at strategic locations produced a high displacement capacity of 5.0% drift without strength degradation and preserved the intended self-centering with residual drifts of less than 0.2% until at least 3.7% lateral drift. The flexural arm also had significant ductility capacity, where the walls reached 5.0% drift without buckling or fracturing of the arms. Both the original and the repaired walls exhibited limited and localized damage at the wall toes, thus positioning the proposed ED-CRMWs as a resilient system for masonry construction. Finally, the paper presents design recommendations that could be considered for introducing ED-CRMWs with flexural arms in future relevant standards.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The financial support for this project was provided through the Canadian Concrete Masonry Producers Association (CCMPA), the Canada Masonry Design Centre (CMDC), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and the Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE).
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 3 • March 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 31, 2021
Accepted: Nov 4, 2022
Published online: Dec 28, 2022
Published in print: Mar 1, 2023
Discussion open until: May 28, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Construction (by type)
- Construction engineering
- Earthquake engineering
- Earthquake resistant structures
- Energy dissipation
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Flexural strength
- Foundation design
- Foundations
- Geotechnical engineering
- Load bearing capacity
- Masonry
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Seismic tests
- Shear walls
- Strength of materials
- Structural engineering
- Structural members
- Structural systems
- Tests (by type)
- Thermodynamics
- Walls
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Cited by
- Matthew East, Mohamed Ezzeldin, Lydell Wiebe, Strategies to Reduce and Quantify Seismic Damage in Controlled Rocking Masonry Walls, Journal of Structural Engineering, 10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-11851, 150, 2, (2024).
- Matthew East, Ahmed Yassin, Mohamed Ezzeldin, Lydell Wiebe, Development of Controlled Rocking Masonry Walls with Energy Dissipation Accessible in a Steel Base, Journal of Structural Engineering, 10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-11944, 149, 5, (2023).