Framework for Risk-Targeted Performance-Based Seismic Design of Ordinary Standard Bridges
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 7
Abstract
This paper presents the analytical formulation and computational implementation of a conceptual probabilistic performance-based seismic design (PBSD) framework for ordinary standard bridge (OSB) structures. An updated probabilistic performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) assessment methodology is used for the parametric performance assessment of four distinct OSBs in California to investigate the effects of varying key structural design parameters over a primary design parameter space on risk-based structural performance measures. The dire need for a systematic PBSD framework for OSBs is illustrated given the significant variability in risk-based performance levels exhibited by these traditionally designed testbed OSBs. A PBSD methodology involving the design of the bridge piers is proposed wherein a risk-based feasible design domain in the primary design parameter space is identified which facilitates the risk-informed design/decision making process in the face of uncertainty. Sensitivities of risk-based feasible design domains compared with other (secondary) design variables and with the method employed for damage hazard assessment are investigated.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
Support of this research by the California Department of Transportation under Grant No. 65A0594, Task No. 2880 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank the following individuals for their help and insightful discussions related to the work presented in this paper: Messrs. M. Mahan, T. Ostrom, T. Shantz, as well as Dr. A. Shamsabadi, and Dr. C. Sikorsky from the Engineering Division at Caltrans, along with Dr. Frank McKenna at UC Berkeley for help with HPC and OpenSees. The authors also acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu) for providing HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper.
References
ASCE/COPRI. 2014. Seismic design of piers and wharves. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Aslani, H., and E. Miranda. 2005. “Probability-based seismic response analysis.” Eng. Struct. 27 (8): 1151–1163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.02.015.
Barbosa, A. R., T. Link, and D. Trejo. 2016. “Seismic performance of high-strength steel RC bridge columns.” J. Bridge Eng. 21 (2): 04015044. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000769.
Bradley, B. A., and R. P. Dhakal. 2008. “Error estimation of closed-form solution for annual rate of structural collapse.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 37 (15): 1721–1737. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.833.
Caltrans. 2013. Seismic design criteria, Version 1.7. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Transportation.
Coleman, J., and E. Spacone. 2001. “Localization issues in force-based frame elements.” J. Struct. Eng. 127 (11): 1257–1265. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:11(1257).
Cornell, C. A., F. Jalayer, R. O. Hamburger, and D. A. Foutch. 2002. “Probabilistic basis for 2000 SAC federal emergency management agency steel moment frame guidelines.” J. Struct. Eng. 128 (4): 526–533. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:4(526).
Deb, A., J. P. Conte, and J. I. Restrepo. 2022. “Comprehensive treatment of uncertainties in risk-targeted performance-based seismic design and assessment of bridges.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 2022: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3722.
Deb, A., A. L. Zha, Z. A. Caamaño-Withall, J. P. Conte, and J. I. Restrepo. 2018. Performance-based seismic design of ordinary standard bridges. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Transportation.
Deb, A., A. L. Zha, Z. A. Caamaño-Withall, J. P. Conte, and J. I. Restrepo. 2021. “Updated probabilistic seismic performance assessment framework for ordinary standard bridges in California.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 50 (9): 2551–2570. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3459.
Duck, D. E., R. Carreno, and J. I. Restrepo. 2018. Plastic buckling-straightening fatigue of large diameter reinforcing steel bars. La Jolla, CA: Univ. of California San Diego.
Ellingwood, B. R. 2008. “Structural reliability and performance-based engineering.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. 161 (4): 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001153.
FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency). 2006. Next-generation performance-based seismic design guidelines: Program plan for new and existing buildings. Washington, DC: FEMA.
Feng, Y., M. J. Kowalsky, and J. M. Nau. 2015. “Effect of seismic load history on deformation limit states for longitudinal bar buckling in RC circular columns.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (8): 04014187. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001153.
Franchin, P., F. Petrini, and F. Mollaioli. 2018. “Improved risk-targeted performance-based seismic design of reinforced concrete frame structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 47 (1): 49–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2936.
Goodnight, J. C., Y. Feng, M. J. Kowalsky, and J. M. Nau. 2015. The effects of load history and design variables on performance limit states of circular bridge columns–Volume 2: Experimental observations. Juneau, AK. Dept. of Transportation and Public Facilities.
Goodnight, J. C., M. J. Kowalsky, and J. M. Nau. 2016. “Strain limit states for circular RC bridge columns.” Earthquake Spectra 32 (3): 1627–1652. https://doi.org/10.1193/030315EQS036M.
Hamburger, R. O. 2006. “The ATC-58 project: Development of next-generation performance-based earthquake engineering design criteria for buildings.” In Proc., Structures Congress 2006: Structural Engineering and Public Safety, 1–8. Reston, VA: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/40889(201)31.
Jayaram, N., T. Lin, and J. W. Baker. 2011. “A computationally efficient ground-motion selection algorithm for matching a target response spectrum mean and variance.” Earthquake Spectra 27 (3): 797–815. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3608002.
Johnson, G. S., R. Harn, C. Lai, and O. Jaradat. 2013. “The new ASCE standard for seismic design of piers and wharves.” In Ports 2013: Success through diversification, 1345–1354. Reston, VA: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413067.138.
Kaviani, P., F. Zareian, and E. Taciroglu. 2012. “Seismic behavior of reinforced concrete bridges with skew-angled seat-type abutments.” Eng. Struct. 45 (Dec): 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.06.013.
Kohrangi, M., P. Bazzurro, D. Vamvatsikos, and A. Spillatura. 2017. “Conditional spectrum-based ground motion record selection using average spectral acceleration.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 46 (10): 1667–1685. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2876.
Lai, C. 2009. Port of Long Beach wharf design criteria. Long Beach, CA: Handbook.
Mackie, K. R., and B. Stojadinović. 2007. “Performance-based seismic bridge design for damage and loss limit states.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 36 (13): 1953–1971. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.699.
Mazzoni, S., F. McKenna, M. H. Scott, and G. L. Fenves. 2006. “OpenSees command language manual.” In Pacific earthquake engineering research (PEER) center. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
Megally, S. H., P. F. Silva, and F. Seible. 2002. Seismic response of sacrificial shear keys in bridge abutments. San Diego: Univ. of California.
Moehle, J., and G. G. Deierlein. 2004. “A framework methodology for performance-based earthquake engineering.” In Vol. 679 of Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 12. Vancouver, BC, Canada: WCEE.
Murcia-Delso, J., P. B. Shing, A. Stavridis, and Y. Liu. 2013a. Required embedment length of column reinforcement extended into type II shafts. La Jolla, CA: Univ. of California.
Murcia-Delso, J., A. Stavridis, and P. B. Shing. 2013b. “Bond strength and cyclic bond deterioration of large-diameter bars.” ACI Struct. J. 110 (4): 659–670. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.699.
NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Program). 2013. Performance-based seismic bridge design. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Omrani, R., B. Mobashe, X. Liang, S. Gunay, K. M. Mosalam, F. Zareian, and E. Taciroglu. 2015. Guidelines for nonlinear seismic analysis of ordinary bridges: Version 2.0. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Transportation.
PIANC. 2001. Seismic design guidelines for port structures. Amsterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema Publishers.
POLA. 2010. Port of Los Angeles code for seismic design, upgrade and repair of container wharves. Los Angeles: City of Los Angeles Harbor Department.
Porter, K. A. 2003. “An overview of PEER’s performance-based earthquake engineering methodology.” In Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press.
Saini, A., and M. Saiidi. 2014. Probabilistic damage control approach for seismic design of bridge columns. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Transportation.
Schoettler, M. J., J. I. Restrepo, G. Guerrini, D. E. Duck, and F. Carrea. 2015. A full-scale, single-column bridge bent tested by shake-table excitation. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
Shamsabadi, A., A. Dasmeh, A. Nojoumi, K. M. Rollins, and E. Taciroglu. 2020. “Lateral capacity model for backfills reacting against skew-angled abutments under seismic loading.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 146 (2): 04019129. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002183.
Silva, P. F., S. Megally, and F. Seible. 2009. “Seismic performance of sacrificial exterior shear keys in bridge abutments.” Earthquake Spectra 25 (3): 643–664. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3155405.
Trejo, D., A. R. Barbosa, and T. Link. 2014. Seismic performance of circular reinforced concrete bridge columns constructed with grade 80 reinforcement. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State Univ.
Vamvatsikos, D. 2013. “Derivation of new SAC/FEMA performance evaluation solutions with second-order hazard approximation.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 42 (8): 1171–1188. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2265.
Yoon, Y. H., S. Ataya, M. Mahan, A. Malek, M. S. Saiidi, and T. Zokaie. 2019. “Probabilistic damage control application: Implementation of performance-based earthquake engineering in seismic design of highway bridge columns.” J. Bridge Eng. 24 (7): 04019068. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001443.
Zsarnoczay, A., F. McKenna, C. Wang, W. Elhaddad, and M. Gardner. 2022. “NHERI-SimCenter/PBE: Version 3.0.0 (v3.0.0).” Accessed October 1, 2022. https://zenodo.org/record/7131900#.ZEaNX3ZBzIU.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 7 • July 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 5, 2021
Accepted: Feb 24, 2023
Published online: May 8, 2023
Published in print: Jul 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Oct 8, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.