Engineering Evaluation of Virus Hazard in Water

The evaluation is presented in terms of 13 questions: What virus infections may be spread through water? How important is water in transmitting virus disease? Can the coliform index be applied to an evaluation of enteric viruses in water? What is the status of control of infectious hepatitis transmission by shellfish? What is the status of sampling and detection procedures for viruses in water? How effective are sewage treatment processes in removing viruses? What risk is associated with use of sewage effluents for crop irrigation? Do birds or animals contribute health important viruses to water? Do enteric viruses multiply in water? What is the extent of virus contamination of water? How long do viruses survive in water? How significant is the hazard resulting from recreational use of impounded sources of drinking water supply? How effective are water purification processes in removing viruses? The report concludes that, while further study is desirable, existing technology and careful, vigilant plant operation can provide an acceptable level of protection for water users.