Flow in Sludge–Blanket Clarifiers

Laboratory tests prove that fluidized floc beds behave in accordance with the general equation of fluidization. The Increase of viscosity decreases the output of the clarifier during low temperatures. According to the hydraulic action, there are four groups of clarifiers: Mechanically agitated bed, hydraulically fluidized bed, sludge circulation, and unsteady discharge. The influence of various devices is studied theoretically. The sludge remover should move slowly to prevent the separation of the eddy. The flow in the funnel shape sludge-blanket zone is not steady or radial. The separated, vortex in the inlet of this chamber may still cause floe eruption at the sludge-blanket level. The discharge of suspension into the sludge thickener is computed as overflow over a weir and depends on floe density, height of overflow layer, and fraction concentration. The collecting of the clarified water is calculated as a potential flow. The minimum clear-water depth is one-half the distance between two collecting troughs.