Hydraulic Simulation of Water Supply Network Leakage Based on EPANET

When the water supply network leaks, the state of the pipe network changes, which is primarily reflected in the variation of hydraulic characteristic parameters during pipeline operation. Consequently, the monitored pressure fluctuation data can be used to predict and analyze pipe network leakage information. This research combines location analysis and accident simulation with a city’s actual water distribution system. Using EPANET software, a hydraulic simulation model was established, and then a pipeline leakage simulation was conducted to evaluate the pressure changes at nearby points caused by pipeline leakage. To make it easier to observe the simulation results, the maximum pressure change rate of the monitoring point was compared under various leakage levels. The results indicate that the most significant pressure drop occurs at the monitoring point closest to the leak node. Consequently, based on the pressure change at the monitoring site during a leak, the area of the pipe network where the leak occurs can be quickly identified. These findings may provide technical support for future pipe network applications.

The leakage localization model of the water supply pipe network involved in this study was applied to a development zone in City S, China. By simulating leakage at different locations, degrees, and pipes, the model can approximate the location of the leakage node. The presented leakage loss localization model for the water supply pipe network meets the leakage loss control requirements of the target area, provides better data values for the subsequent real-time leakage point localization model based on a neural network, and provides the theoretical foundation and technical support for future wide application in the actual large-scale pipe network. In addition, the model is practical, feasible, and acceptable for leakage monitoring in low-cost, small to medium-sized drainage networks.