Casing Shear Deformation Mechanism and Prevention Measures of Multifault Slip Induced by Shale Gas Volume Fracturing
Publication: Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 14, Issue 4
Abstract
Casing deformation often occurs in the process of shale gas volume fracturing, affecting the efficient development of shale gas. According to the actual deformation morphological characteristics of the casing and the mechanism of shear deformation, the three-dimensional physical model and finite element model of casing-cement sheath-formation under the interaction of multifault slip were established. The influence rules of sensitive factors such as fault slip distance, fault angle, elastic modulus of cement sheath, cement sheath defect, and casing eccentricity on casing deformation were studied. The prevention and control measures to reduce casing shear deformation were put forward. The results show that (1) the diameter shrinkage of the casing is more obvious when the relative slip distance between two faults exceeds 60 mm; (2) when the fault angle θ is from 60° to 75°, the shear deformation extent of the casing is large. Before fracturing construction, fault identification technologies should be used to detect the fault distribution in shale reservoirs and effectively prevent and control the risk points of casing deformation; (3) ultra-flexible cement sheath with elastic modulus less than 1 GPa can effectively reduce the shear deformation of the casing; (4) lack width of cement has a greater effect on reducing casing deformation than lack angle. Not sealing the well sections near the fault and leaving a certain buffer area for fault slip can delay or reduce the shear deformation failure of the casing; and (5) casing eccentricity makes casing more prone to failure. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure well-cementing quality.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52174210 and 52034006), Chengdu International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (2019-GH02-00034-HZ), and Nanchong City-School Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Applied Basic Research Project (No. SXHZ049). The author would like to particularly appreciate the above funds for their help.
References
Bao, X., and D. Eaton. 2016. “Fault activation by hydraulic fracturing in western Canada.” Science 354 (6318): 1406–1409. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag2583.
Chen, Z., C. Fang, Y. Zhu, and D. Xiang. 2020. “Deformation characteristics and stress modes of casings for shale gas wells in Sichuan.” China Pet. Mach. 48 (2): 126–134. https://doi.org/10.16082/j.cnki.issn.1001-4578.2020.02.019.
Chen, Z., X. Liao, X. Zhao, X. Dou, and L. Zhu. 2015. “Performance of horizontal wells with fracture networks in shale gas formation.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 133 (Sep): 646–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2015.07.004.
Chen, Z., L. Shi, and D. Xiang. 2017. “Mechanism of casing deformation in the Changning–Weiyuan national shale gas demonstration area and countermeasures.” Nat. Gas Ind. B 4 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ngib.2017.07.001.
Dong, K., N. Liu, and Z. Chen. 2019. “Geomechanical analysis on casing deformation in Longmaxi shale formation.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 177 (Jun): 724–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.02.068.
Furui, K., G. F. Fuh, and N. Morita. 2012. “Casing- and screen-failure analysis in highly compacting sandstone fields.” SPE Drill. Complet 27 (2): 241–252. https://doi.org/10.2118/146231-PA.
He, Y., B. Zhang, Y. Duan, C. Xue, X. Yan, C. He, and T. Hu. 2014. “Numerical simulation of surface and downhole deformation induced by hydraulic fracturing.” Appl. Geophys. 11 (1): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-014-0412-x.
Li, Z., H. Li, G. Li, H. Yu, Z. Jiang, H. Liu, S. Hu, and B. Tang. 2019. “The influence of shale swelling on casing deformation during hydraulic fracturing.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 205 (Oct): 108844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108844.
Lin, R., G. Li, J. Zhao, L. Ren, and J. Wu. 2022. “Productivity model of shale gas fractured horizontal well considering complex fracture morphology.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 208 (Jan): 109511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109511.
Liu, K., A. D. Taleghani, and D. Gao. 2019. “Calculation of hydraulic fracture induced stress and corresponding fault slippage in shale formation.” Fuel 254 (Oct): 115525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.05.108.
Marc, M. 2016. “Monitoring shear deformations above compacting high-pressure high-temperature reservoirs with calliper surveys.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 86 (Jul): 292–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.05.007.
Meyer, B. R., and L. W. Bazan. 2011. “A discrete fracture network model for hydraulically induced fractures-theory, parametric and case studies.” In Proc., SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conf. Held in the Woodlands, Texas, USA, 24–26. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers. https://doi.org/10.2118/140514-MS.
Mohammed, A. I., B. Oyeneyin, B. Atchison, and J. Njuguna. 2019. “Casing structural integrity and failure modes in a range of well types-a review.” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 68 (Aug): 102898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2019.05.011.
Wang, Z., and A. J. Krupnick. 2013. “A retrospective review of shale gas development in the United States: What led to the boom?” Econ. Energy Environ. Policy 4 (1): 5–18.
Warpinski, N. R., M. J. Mayerhofer, K. Agarwal, and J. Du. 2013. “Hydraulic-fracture geomechanics and microseismic-source mechanisms.” SPE J. 18 (4): 766–780. https://doi.org/10.2118/158935-PA.
Xi, Y., J. Li, L. Fan, W. Wang, and C. Zha. 2021. “Mechanism and numerical simulation of a new device of bypass cementing device for controlling casing shear deformation induced by fault slipping.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 196 (Jan): 107820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107820.
Xi, Y., J. Li, G. Liu, C. Cha, and Y. Fu. 2018. “Numerical investigation for different casing deformation reasons in Weiyuan–Changning shale gas field during multistage hydraulic fracturing.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 163 (Apr): 691–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.11.020.
Xi, Y., J. Li, C. Zhang, B. Guo, and G. Liu. 2019. “A new investigation on casing shear deformation during multistage fracturing in shale gas wells based on microseism data and calliper surveys.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 180 (Sep): 1034–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.05.079.
Xu, J., C. Guo, M. Wei, and R. Jiang. 2015. “Production performance analysis for composite shale gas reservoir considering multiple transport mechanisms.” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 26 (Sep): 382–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.05.033.
Yan, W., L. Zou, H. Li, J. Deng, H. Ge, and H. Wang. 2017. “Investigation of casing deformation during hydraulic fracturing in high geo-stress shale gas play.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 150 (Feb): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.11.007.
Yin, F., L. Han, S. Yang, Y. Deng, Y. He, and X. Wu. 2018a. “Casing deformation from fracture slip in hydraulic fracturing.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 166 (Jul): 235–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.03.010.
Yin, F., Y. Xiao, L. Han, and X. Wu. 2018b. “Quantifying the induced fracture slip and casing deformation in hydraulically fracturing shale gas wells.” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 60 (Dec): 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2018.10.005.
Yin, Y., Z. Chen, and P. Li. 2006. “Theoretical solution of casing-cement sheath-formation stress distribution.” [In Chinese.] Chin. J. Theor. Appl. Mech. 38 (6): 835–841.
Zhang, F., Z. Yin, Z. Chen, S. Maxwell, L. Zhang, and Y. Wu. 2019. “Fault reactivation and induced seismicity during multistage hydraulic fracturing: Microseismic analysis and geomechanical modeling.” SPE J. 25 (2): 692–711. https://doi.org/10.2118/199883-PA.
Zhao, C., J. Li, M. Zaman, Y. Jin, and Q. Tao. 2021a. “Investigation of casing deformation characteristics under cycling loads and the effect on casing strength based on full-scale equipment.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 205 (Oct): 108973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108973.
Zhao, J., et al. 2021b. “Ten years of gas shale fracturing in China: Review and prospect.” [In Chinese.] Nat. Gas Ind. 41 (8): 121–142.
Zhou, D., P. Zheng, P. He, and J. Peng. 2016. “Hydraulic fracture propagation direction during volume fracturing in unconventional reservoirs.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 141 (Mar): 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.01.028.
Zou, C., Q. Zhao, L. Cong, H. Wang, Z. Shi, J. Wu, and S. Pan. 2021. “Development progress, potential and prospect of shale gas in China.” [In Chinese.] Nat. Gas Ind. 41 (1): 1–14.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 14 • Issue 4 • November 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 4, 2022
Accepted: Feb 8, 2023
Published online: Aug 22, 2023
Published in print: Nov 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jan 22, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.