Relationship between Foreign Object Debris, Roughness, and Friction
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements
Volume 150, Issue 3
Abstract
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is developing new design procedures to extend airport pavement life beyond 20 years based on the concept of serviceability: the measure of how well a pavement fulfills user expectations. A key element is a new distress megaindex called serviceability level (SL) whose components represent independent aspects of airport pavement serviceability: low foreign object damage (FOD) potential, low skid potential, and smoothness. This research validates the assumption of independence previously used to develop a probability-based form for SL. Independence greatly simplifies the mathematics of the new form, in particular, the ability to decompose a pavement condition model into multiple relatively simple submodels. Friction is shown to not correlate to the other two components. FOD and roughness are conditionally independent with a latent variable of crack and spall density. Conditional independence means the proposed SL formulation is generally valid but requires that FOD and roughness measurements or predictions be made at the same time using the same assumptions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
FAA Airport Technology R&D Branch provided the airfield pavement condition information, Mr. James Layton, Manager, and Dr. David Brill, Project Manager. This research was conducted independently of the FAA. It reflects the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented. This research does not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the FAA. It does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The authors thank Mr. Anthony Kuncas, Applied Research Associates, Inc., for reviewing the manuscript.
References
AFCESA (Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency). 2004. Pavement engineering assessment (EA) standards. Panama City, FL: AFCESA.
Arhin, S. A., L. N. Williams, A. Ribbiso, and M. F. Anderson. 2015. “Predicting pavement condition index using international roughness index in a dense urban area.” J. Civ. Eng. Res. 5 (1): 10–17.
ASTM. 2008. Standard practice for computing international roughness index of roads from longitudinal profile measurements. ASTM E1926-08. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2020. Standard test method for airport pavement condition index surveys. ASTM D 5340-20. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Beatty, D. N., J. J. Gearhart, F. Readdy, and R. Duchatellier. 1981. The study of foreign object damage caused by aircraft operations on unconventional and bombdamaged airfield surfaces. Tyndall Air Force Base, FL: Air Force Engineering & Services Center.
Boeing Commercial Airplane Group Airport Technology Organization (B-B210). 1995. Runway roughness measurement, quantification, and application: The Boeing method. Arlington County, VA: Boeing Aircraft Company.
Brill, D., and T. A. Parsons. 2017. “Development of new FAA design procedures for extended airport pavement life.” In Proc., 10th Int. Conf. on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, edited by A. Loizos, I. Al-Qadi, and T. Scarpas, 1611–1618. New York: Taylor and Francis.
California DOT. 2012. Method of test for operation of California highway profilograph and evaluation of profiles. Sacramento, CA: California DOT.
Cereceda, D., C. Medel-Vera, M. Ortiz, and J. Tramon. 2022. “Roughness and condition prediction models for airfield pavements using digital image processing.” Autom. Constr. 139 (Jul): 104325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104325.
Dawid, A. P. 1979. “Conditional independence in statistical theory.” J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 41 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1979.tb01052.x.
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration). 2020. “ProFAA, version 3.0.0.” Accessed November 14, 2020. https://www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov/Products/Airport-Safety-Papers-Publications/Airport-Safety-Detail/ArtMID/3682/ArticleID/8/ProFAA-300.
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration). 2021. “FAA PAVEAIR, version 3.6.0.” Accessed June 15, 2021. https://faapaveair.faa.gov.
Ferrito, J. M., and J. B. Forrest. 1976. Effects of pavement roughness on naval air operations. Port Hueneme, CA: Naval Facilities Engineering Command.
Garg, N., E. Guo, and R. McQueen. 2004. Operational life of airport pavements. Washington, DC: Federal Aviation Administration.
Granger, C. W. T., and P. J. Thomson. 1987. “Predictive consequences of using conditioning or causal variables.” Econ. Theory 3 (1): 150–152. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266466600004175.
Linton, O. B., and P. Gozalo. 1996. Conditional independence restrictions: Testing and estimation. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ.
Parsons, T. A., and S. D. Murrell. 2023. “Verification of airport pavement serviceability level index components proposed by the federal aviation administration.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2677 (11): 629–641. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231166388.
Song, K. 2009. “Testing condtional independence via rosenblatt transforms.” Ann. Stat. 37 (6): 4011–4045. https://doi.org/10.1214/09-AOS704.
Wermuth, N., and S. L. Lauritzen. 1990. “On substantive research hypotheses, conditional independence graphs and graphical chain models.” J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 52 (1): 21–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1990.tb01771.x.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements
Volume 150 • Issue 3 • September 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 3, 2023
Accepted: Mar 12, 2024
Published online: Jun 7, 2024
Published in print: Sep 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Nov 7, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Air transportation
- Airport and airfield pavements
- Airports and airfields
- Architectural engineering
- Building management
- Continuum mechanics
- Design (by type)
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Friction
- Gravels
- Highway and road design
- Infrastructure
- Mathematical models
- Models (by type)
- Pavement condition
- Pavement design
- Pavement surface roughness
- Pavements
- Serviceability
- Sight distances
- Solid mechanics
- Transportation engineering
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.