Investigating the Potential of Untreated and Treated Waste Cooking Oil for Rejuvenation of Aged Asphalt Binder
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements
Volume 150, Issue 1
Abstract
Aging of asphalt increases its hardness due to oxidation, which challenges the incorporation of higher recycled asphalt (RA) content. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is gaining attention as a rejuvenator to incorporate higher RA content in new pavements. The study evaluated the potential of WCO as a rejuvenator before and after transesterification. Rheological tests, such as frequency–temperature sweep and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) were conducted to assess the performance characteristics of different rejuvenated binders. Chemical tests, including asphaltene extraction, free fatty acids, transesterification, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were performed to corroborate the rheological findings. Based on the investigation, a new method is proposed to determine the optimum dose of WCO for binders incorporating RA, considering viscosity and rutting. The results indicated that the optimum WCO content before treatment was on average 7.03%, which was reduced to 5.73% after transesterification. This is credited to the reduction of free fatty acids by 81.7% in treated WCO after transesterification, resulting in enhanced diffusion characteristics between treated WCO and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). The rejuvenated binder had a 49.33% lower carbonyl index (CI) than RAP and an 18.35% higher CI than unaged viscosity-graded (VG) 30, respectively, validating the potential of WCO as a rejuvenator. ANOVA analysis of asphaltene content showed no significant difference between the rejuvenated binders with their corresponding optimum WCO and unaged VG 30 contents. Overall, transesterification of WCO could be a potential solution to improve the diffusion characteristics for enhanced rejuvenation.
Practical Applications
Reclaimed asphalt can be processed and used as a component in the production of new hot-mix asphalt. It commonly is mixed with virgin asphalt binder, aggregates, and other additives to create a sustainable asphalt mixture. The inclusion of RA reduces the demand for virgin materials such as asphalt binder and aggregates, thus decreasing the environmental impact of asphalt production. The current practice permits a lower quantity of RA in asphalt mixtures due to its higher stiffness. The utilization of WCO as a rejuvenator can restore the properties of RA binder to a considerable extent. It also will result in higher RA incorporation and a sustainable solutions including, reduction in inappropriate disposal and multiple-time utilization of WCO. Hence, the utilization of RA with WCO as a rejuvenator is a novel solution for sustainability.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published paper.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the School of Basic Science (SBS), IIT Bhubaneswar, for their support in utilizing FTIR and NMR testing facilities. The authors also acknowledge Shivam Singh and Praveen Shakyawar, undergraduate students from the School of Infrastructure, IIT Bhubaneswar, who were involved in experimental works as part of their internship.
Author contributions: SJ: conceptualization, testing, data curation and preliminary analysis, first draft of the manuscript. AKC: monitoring, data analysis, review of the draft.
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 6, 2023
Accepted: Oct 24, 2023
Published online: Dec 23, 2023
Published in print: Mar 1, 2024
Discussion open until: May 23, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Acids
- Aging (material)
- Asphalt pavements
- Binders (material)
- Chemical compounds
- Chemicals
- Chemistry
- Deterioration
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Environmental engineering
- Fluid mechanics
- Hydrologic engineering
- Infrastructure
- Materials characterization
- Materials engineering
- Pavements
- Recycling
- Rheology
- Transportation engineering
- Viscosity
- Waste management
- Waste treatment
- Water and water resources
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