Nanosilica Types and Their Influences on the Rheological Properties of Bitumen
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements
Volume 149, Issue 1
Abstract
Nanosilica (NS) has been involved in many investigations over bituminous materials. Although nanosilica is variable in size and type, most literature has failed to consider or acknowledge its type and/or size impacts. Hence, this research focused on this knowledge gap by considering 20-nm, 20-nm with couplant, and 60-nm NS types for some index, rheological shear, and creep tests. Tests were conducted at virgin, short-term, and long-terms aging conditions as well. Estimations of rutting and fatigue resistances were found to be promising at different extents. Generally, 60-nm NS was better for rutting, whereas 20-nm NS was more efficient for fatigue. Initially, dry blending was considered during sample preparations. However, wet blending was also used later for extra samples and limited shear oscillation tests. Some discrepancies in dry-prepared results were found to be attributed to mixing conditions. Outcomes of experiments after wet blending showed more consistent and reliable direct relationships between sample properties and NS contents. Hence, coarse NS at higher ranges, typically at 8% usage, was more efficient than other batches.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This work was part of the activities for the research project titled “Evaluation and Characterisation of Nanosilica-Modified Asphalt Materials.” That project was funded by the Western Australian Road Research Innovation Program (WARRIP). The authors acknowledge respective support from the Main Roads Western Australia (MRWA) program.
References
AASHTO. 2014. Standard method of test for multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). AASHTO T 350. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2019. Standard method of test for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). AASHTO T 315. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Airey, G. D. 2002. “Rheological evaluation of ethylene vinyl acetate polymer modified bitumens.” Constr. Build. Mater. 16 (8): 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00103-4.
AS (Australian Standard). 1992. Methods of testing bituminous and related roadmaking products—Determination of softening point (ring and ball method). AS2341.18. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 1993. Methods of testing bitumen and related roadmaking products—Determination of dynamic (coefficient of shear) viscosity by flow through a capillary tube. AS 2341.2. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 1994. Determination of dynamic viscosity by rotational viscometer. AS2341.4. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 2013. Bitumen for pavements. AS 2008. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 2015. Methods of testing bitumen and related roadmaking products Determination of the effect of heat and air on a moving film of bitumen (rolling thin film oven (RTFO) test). AS2341.10. Sydney, Australia: AS.
ASTM. 2008. Standard test method for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer. ASTM D7175-08. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Austroad. 2017. Long-term ageing resistance of bitumen using the pressure ageing vessel (PAV) and the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). AGPT-T194. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Austroad.
Austroad. 2019. Characterisation of the viscosity of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). AGPT-T192-15. Sydney, Australia: Austroad.
Bahia, H., and D. Anderson. 1995. “The new proposed rheological properties of asphalt binders: Why are they required and how do they compare to conventional properties.” In Physical properties of asphalt cement binders. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bonaquist, R. F. 2008. Refining the simple performance tester for use in routine practice. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Brown, E. R., P. S. Kandhal, F. L. Roberts, Y. R. Kim, D.-Y. Lee, and T. W. Kennedy. 2009. Hot mix asphalt materials, mixture design, and construction. Lanham, MD: NAPA Research and Education Foundation.
Caputo, P., M. Porto, R. Angelico, V. Loise, P. Calandra, and C. O. Rossi. 2020. “Bitumen and asphalt concrete modified by nanometer-sized particles: Basic concepts, the state of the art and future perspectives of the nanoscale approach.” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 285 (Nov): 102283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102283.
Crucho, J. M. L., J. M. C. das Neves, S. D. Capitão, and L. G. de Picado-Santos. 2018. “Mechanical performance of asphalt concrete modified with nanoparticles: Nanosilica, zero-valent iron and nanoclay.” Constr. Build. Mater. 181 (5): 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.052.
D’Angelo, J., R. Kluttz, R. N. Dongre, K. Stephens, and L. Zanzotto. 2007. “Revision of the Superpave high temperature binder specification: The multiple stress creep recovery test (with discussion).” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 76 (4): 7.
D’Angelo, J. A. 2009. “The relationship of the MSCR test to rutting.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 10 (1): 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2009.9690236.
Ezzat, H., S. El-Badawy, A. Gabr, E.-S. I. Zaki, and T. Breakah. 2016. “Evaluation of asphalt binders modified with nanoclay and nanosilica.” Procedia Eng. 143 (5): 1260–1267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.119.
Fang, C., R. Yu, S. Liu, and Y. Li. 2013. “Nanomaterials applied in asphalt modification: A review.” J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 29 (7): 589–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2013.04.008.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2006. Mechanistic empirical pavement design guide. Washington, DC: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
Ganjei, M. A., and E. J. I. J. Aflaki. 2019. “Application of nano-silica and styrene-butadiene-styrene to improve asphalt mixture self healing.” 20 (1): 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2016.1260130.
Goh, S. W., Z. You, H. Wang, J. Mills-Beale, and J. Ji. 2011. “Determination of flow number in asphalt mixtures from deformation rate during secondary state.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2210 (1): 106–112. https://doi.org/10.3141/2210-12.
Harrigan, E. T., R. B. Leahy, and J. S. Youtcheff, eds. 1994. The superpave mix design system manual of specifications, test methods, and practices. SHRP-A-379 Washington, DC: Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council.
Jahromi, S. G., and A. Khodaii. 2009. “Effects of nanoclay on rheological properties of bitumen binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (8): 2894–2904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.027.
Jongepier, R., and B. Kuilman. 1970. “The dynamic shear modulus of bitumens as a function of frequency and temperature.” Rheol. Acta 9 (1): 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01984600.
KieBadroodi, S., M. R. Keymanesh, and G. Shafabakhsh. 2020. “Laboratory study and investigation on significance level of fatigue phenomenon in warm mix asphalt modified with nano-silica.” 8 (2): 92–113. https://doi.org/10.22075/JRCE.2019.17478.1331.
Kumar, P. G. 2020. “Application of nano silica to improve selfhealing of bitumen mixtures.” Comput. Res. Progress Appl. Sci. Eng. 6 (4): 20. https://doi.org/10.22075/JRCE.2019.17478.1331.
Li, C., J. Li, and Y. Hu. 2019. “Research on physics stability of emulsified asphalt modified by nano silica.” Mater. Sci. Eng. 562: 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/562/1/012003.
Li, R., F. Xiao, S. Amirkhanian, Z. You, and J. Huang. 2017. “Developments of nano materials and technologies on asphalt materials—A review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 143 (Feb): 633–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.158.
Obaid, H. A. 2021. “Characteristics of warm mixed asphalt modified by waste polymer and nano-silica.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 14 (3): 397–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0061-9.
Pellinen, T. K., M. W. Witczak, and R. F. Bonaquist. 2004. “Asphalt mix master curve construction using sigmoidal fitting function with non-linear least squares optimization.” In Proc., 15th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Division Conf., 83–101. Reston, VA: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0061-9.
Prashantha, K., J. Soulestin, M.-F. Lacrampe, P. Krawczak, G. Dupin, and M. Claes. 2009. “Masterbatch-based multi-walled carbon nanotube filled polypropylene nanocomposites: Assessment of rheological and mechanical properties.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 69 (11–12): 1756–1763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.10.005.
Rebecchi, J. 2008. Guide to pavement technology Part 4f: Bituminous binders. Australia: Austroads.
Rezagholilou, A., and H. Nikraz. 2014. “The reasons for introducing nano-silica in cementitious layer in pavement.” Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 19 (54): 1761–1768.
Rezagholilou, A., H. Nikraz, and P. Green. 2015. “Effects of nano-silica on cement-fly ash modified crushed rocks base materials.” J. Nanotechnol. Mater. Sci. 2 (1): 1372. https://doi.org/10.15436/2377-1372.15.007.
Sackey, S., D.-E. Lee, and B.-S. J. A. S. Kim. 2019. Life cycle assessment for the production phase of nano-silica-modified asphalt mixtures. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071315.
Sadeghpour, S., M. Palassi, A. Goli, and H. Zanjirani Farahani. 2015. “Performance evaluation of nano-silica modified bitumen.” Int. J. Transp. Eng. 3 (1): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.22119/ijte.2015.1337.
Shafabakhsh, G., S. Mirabdolazimi, and M. Sadeghnejad. 2014. “Evaluation the effect of nano-TiO2 on the rutting and fatigue behavior of asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 54 (4): 566–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.064.
Sharp, K., K. Ralston, K. Bogumil, H. Asadi, and L. Latter. 2017. Review of future pavement technologies. Port Melbourne, VIC, Australia: Australian Road Research Board.
Sun, L., X. Xin, and J. Ren. 2017. “Inorganic nanoparticle-modified asphalt with enhanced performance at high temperature.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (3): 04016227. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001750.
Taherkhani, H., and M. Tajdini. 2019. “Comparing the effects of nano-silica and hydrated lime on the properties of asphalt concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 218 (4): 308–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.116.
Tanzadeh, R., J. Tanzadeh, M. Honarmand, and S. A. Tahami. 2019. “Experimental study on the effect of basalt and glass fibers on behavior of open-graded friction course asphalt modified with nano-silica.” 212 (8): 467–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.010.
TRB (Transportation Research Board). 1984. America’s highways: Accelerating the search for innovation. Washington, DC: National Research Council.
Witczak, M. 2005. NCHRP Report 547: Simple performance tests and advanced materials characterization models. Rep. No. CRP-CD-46. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Zafari, F., M. Rahi, N. Moshtagh, and H. Nazockdast. 2014. “The improvement of bitumen properties by adding nanosilica.” Study Civ. Eng. Archit. 3 (1): 62–69.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements
Volume 149 • Issue 1 • March 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 14, 2022
Accepted: Oct 13, 2022
Published online: Dec 15, 2022
Published in print: Mar 1, 2023
Discussion open until: May 15, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Alireza REZAGHOLILOU, James GRENFELL, Steve HALLIGAN, NANOSILICA AGGLOMERATION AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN, Journal of JSCE, 10.2208/journalofjsce.22-00337, 11, 1, (n/a), (2023).