Groundwater Vulnerability to Arsenic Contamination: A Review of Assessment Approaches
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 150, Issue 12
Abstract
Groundwater vulnerability to geogenic groundwater contamination underlies the complex interplay between various intrinsic geological, hydrogeological, and geochemical characteristics in an aquifer system. Identifying the risks to groundwater quality in this regard is a very engaging process that needs to consider the source and nature of groundwater contamination from the perspective of ongoing external and internal processes within the area/region under study. Arsenic contamination in groundwater has stood out due to its worldwide spread and lethality. It is an established fact that most arsenic sources are predominantly geogenic in nature. Yet, the mechanisms of its mobilization in groundwater appear to be triggered by anthropogenic factors many times. However, the propositions are still being debated and are in an ever-evolving stage. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to arsenic contamination may thus be considered a potentially valuable management tool for enabling major decisions on preventative groundwater protection, and there is apparently an urgent need to develop robust approaches for the same. One can easily find reviews on groundwater vulnerability per se, but the current review reflects relevant and recent core data compilation/consolidation specifically on arsenic vulnerability assessment. The current work attempts to provide a comprehensive review of the occurrence of arsenic in the subsurface environment, along with the earlier and recent approaches involved in groundwater vulnerability assessment, including mathematical, geostatistical, process-based simulation, and machine learning methods. This paper considers and compares available case studies in this regard and highlights the potential of integrated/hybrid modeling to achieve the best possible outcomes.
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Data Availability Statement
No data, models, or code were generated during the study.
Acknowledgments
The first author acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology (DST) financial support for providing the Inspire fellowship (IF180076) with Grant No. 7069-111-044-428 during the research.
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Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 150 • Issue 12 • December 2024
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© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Published online: Sep 18, 2024
Published in print: Dec 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Feb 18, 2025
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