Effects of Urea and Sodium Tripolyphosphate on the Hydration and Leaching of Cr(VI) in Solid Waste–Based Sulfoaluminate Cement
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 11
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of the retarders urea and sodium phosphate on the hydration process and leaching of Cr(VI) in calcium sulfoaluminate cement from solid waste (WCSA). We investigated the mechanical properties and hydration processes of WCSA with varying urea and sodium tripolyphosphate contents using thermogravimetry coupled with differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the leaching behavior of the heavy metal Cr(VI) in the cement was analyzed using inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP). The experimental results showed that lower urea or sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) contents (0.2%) improved the compressive strength of cement specimens by 18.31% or 3.125% at 28 days, respectively. After incorporating STPP and urea, the hydration heat flow and total hydration heat of WCSA decreased. The porosity first decreased and then increased with increased STPP and urea content. The involvement of urea in hydration produced carbonate, which destroyed the structure of ettringite and formed a new calcium carbonate phase, leading to the release of Cr(VI). In the presence of STPP, a three-dimensional network structure of hydroxyapatite was generated. Chromium ions entered the three-dimensional network structure of hydroxyapatite, increasing the solidification of Cr(VI) in WCSA.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFC1910000) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51978153).
Author contributions: Chengbo Wei performed all the experiments and characterizations, analyzed this work, and wrote the manuscript; Fangjie Pang performed part of the experiments and characterizations and analyzed part of this work; Fengming Yang analyzed part of this work; Wenlong Wang provided advice on the manuscript; and Zengmei Wang supervised all the experiments, characterizations, and analysis in this work.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36 • Issue 11 • November 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 29, 2023
Accepted: Apr 9, 2024
Published online: Aug 28, 2024
Published in print: Nov 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Jan 28, 2025
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Calcium
- Cement
- Chemical compounds
- Chemical elements
- Chemical processes
- Chemicals
- Chemistry
- Concrete
- Continuum mechanics
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Engineering mechanics
- Environmental engineering
- Flow (fluid dynamics)
- Fluid dynamics
- Fluid mechanics
- Heat flow
- Hydration
- Hydraulic engineering
- Hydrologic engineering
- Laminating
- Leaching
- Materials engineering
- Materials processing
- Pollutants
- Salts
- Sodium
- Solid wastes
- Wastes
- Water and water resources
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