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May 30, 2024

Effect of Cement Type on Compacted Iron Ore Tailings-Binder Response Blends: Comparative Study

Authors: Nilo Cesar Consoli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-451X [email protected], Andres Lotero https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-8384 [email protected], Hugo Carlos Scheuermann Filho [email protected], Aghileh Khajeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4634-6299 [email protected], Cocou Pierre Auxence Daassi-Gli https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8125-0787 [email protected], Jordanna Chamon Vogt [email protected], and João Paulo de Sousa Silva [email protected]Author Affiliations
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 8
https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-17486
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Abstract

Lately, dry stacking of filtered tailings has emerged as a safer alternative to traditional slurry disposal in ponds as it comprehends the compaction of the unsaturated cake to form piles. A cementing agent can be added to the mixture to improve the mechanical properties of the compacted tailings; however, it is essential to understand its response under different conditions. The present study examines the mechanical behavior of compacted iron ore tailings (IOT)-binder blends for dry stacking purposes, highlighting the effect of the cement type on the behavior of the tailings: two commercially available types of binders, portland pozzolan cement (PPC) and high early-strength portland cement type III (PC III); and one green alkali-activated cement (AAC). A full factorial design approach was used to study the influence of the following parameters on the strength and stiffness of the studied mixtures: dry unit weight (γd), cement content (C), type of cement (TC), and curing period (CP). To do so, a set of unconfined compression, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and consolidated drained triaxial tests were carried out. To compare the microstructural and compositional characteristics of the three different cement types, secondary scanning electron microscopy (SSEM) and backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BSEM)/energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analyses were performed. The stiffness and strength results have been successfully correlated to the porosity/cement index (η/Civ) and the statistical analysis has unveiled the great effects attributed to the cement content, type, and CP. Additionally, microstructural and macrostructural observations revealed that after seven days of curing, the IOT mixtures stabilized with PC III exhibited more robust microstructures and superior mechanical performance: around five times greater strength and stiffness than AAC-containing samples and two times higher considering the PPC-containing specimens. With extended CPs (90 days), the performances of PC III and PPC samples are equivalent, whereas the strength is around three times greater than that of the AAC samples. That is, there was a notable enhancement in the cementitious matrix for IOTs stabilized with PPC and AAC for a more extended CP.

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Data Availability Statement

Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to express their appreciation to VALE S.A., the Brazilian Research Council (CNPq), and CAPES-PROEX for their support of the research group.

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Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36 • Issue 8 • August 2024

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© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.

History

Received: Aug 17, 2023
Accepted: Jan 23, 2024
Published online: May 30, 2024
Published in print: Aug 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Oct 30, 2024

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ASCE Technical Topics:

  1. Cement
  2. Concrete
  3. Engineering materials (by type)
  4. Environmental engineering
  5. Iron (material)
  6. Material mechanics
  7. Material properties
  8. Materials characterization
  9. Materials engineering
  10. Metals (material)
  11. Mine wastes
  12. Mixtures
  13. Pollutants
  14. Portland cement
  15. Stiffening
  16. Strength of materials
  17. Structural behavior
  18. Structural engineering
  19. Wastes

Authors

Affiliations

Nilo Cesar Consoli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-451X [email protected]
Professor of Civil Engineering, Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-190, Brazil (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-451X. Email: [email protected]
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Andres Lotero https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-8384 [email protected]
Research Fellow, Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-190, Brazil. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-8384. Email: [email protected]
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Hugo Carlos Scheuermann Filho [email protected]
Research Fellow, Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-190, Brazil. Email: [email protected]
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Aghileh Khajeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4634-6299 [email protected]
Research Fellow, Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-190, Brazil. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4634-6299. Email: [email protected]
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Cocou Pierre Auxence Daassi-Gli https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8125-0787 [email protected]
Ph.D. Candidate, Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-190, Brazil. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8125-0787. Email: [email protected]
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Jordanna Chamon Vogt [email protected]
Geotechnical and Infrastructure Project Leader, Mineração Rio do Norte, Oriximiná, PA 68275-000, Brazil. Email: [email protected]
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João Paulo de Sousa Silva [email protected]
Expert Engineer, Exploration and Mineral Projects-Mineral Development Centre, VALE S.A., Santa Luzia, MG 33040-900, Brazil. Email: [email protected]
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