Beetroot Juice Additive in Chloride Brines Reduces Damage of Concrete Exposed to Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 2
Abstract
This work investigated whether and how a common agro-based additive, beetroot juice, alters the detrimental effects of chloride brines on the durability of cement concrete, by evaluating the frost resistance of ordinary portland cement concrete in various chloride brines. The presence of beetroot juice greatly slowed the ingress of ions and mitigated the leaching of , thus effectively mitigating the scaling-induced mass loss, strength reduction, and gas permeability change of the concrete. The microscopic investigation, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron probe microanalysis, also proved that beetroot juice mitigated the degradation of C-S-H gel and C-A-S-H gel on the concrete surface and inhibited the formation of oxychloride and trichloroaluminate crystals, as confirmed by the lower and molar ratios in the deicer-weathered concrete. This study sheds light on the mechanistic roles of beetroot juice in improving the frost resistance of concrete in chloride-laden cold regions.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support by the National University Transportation Center sponsored by the US Department of Transportation (DOT), National Center for Transportation Infrastructure Durability and Life-Extension. The authors also thank the Wyoming Department of Transportation for donating the beetroot juice, and Dr. Mehdi Honarvarnazari for providing the FTIR and LC-MS results of the beetroot juice.
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Jan 30, 2023
Accepted: Jun 28, 2023
Published online: Nov 21, 2023
Published in print: Feb 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Apr 21, 2024
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