Compactability and Performance of Warm-Mix Additives at Lower Than Traditional Compaction Temperatures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 12
Abstract
This study involves using warm-mix additives (WMA) to produce binders that can aid compaction at low temperatures during cold weather paving. For this purpose, a performance grade (PG) 58-28 asphalt binder was chosen as a control and was modified with four different WMA additives (Rediset, Evotherm, Zycotherm, and Sasobit Redux). The impact of WMA additives on binder properties was evaluated using PG, linear amplitude sweep, and asphalt binder cracking device (ABCD) tests. The use of WMA additives did not have any impact on the PG of the base binder, suggesting that WMAs can be used as a compaction aid. The ABCD results also showed that WMA did not negatively impact the low-temperature properties of the base binder. In addition to binder testing, this study involved conducting laboratory testing of mixtures to determine the impact of WMAs on the volumetric properties of asphalt mixtures when compacted at lower than tradition temperatures [i.e., 127°C (260°F), 104°C (220°F), and 82°C (180°F)]. The volumetric of the control and WMA-modified mixtures were satisfied at all compaction temperatures; thus, showing the potential for WMA additives to improve the compactability of asphalt mixtures. The cracking, rutting, and moisture susceptibility of the mixtures were also evaluated using cracking, rutting, and moisture damage tests, respectively. All the modified WMA asphalt mixtures performed better in terms of rutting, Cracking and moisture susceptibility compared to the control mixtures. Based on the performance ranking of the mixtures it is found that 104°C (220°F)–127°C (260°F) can be taken as the cutoff temperatures only for PG 58-28 binder grade to compact mixture under lab-controlled temperature.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This study was conducted for the US Army Corps of Engineers under PE 0603119A, “Rapid Entry & Sustainment for the Arctic.” The work was performed by the Engineering Resources Branch (ERB) of the Research and Engineering Division, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), and Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL). At the time of publication, Dr. Melisa Nallar was acting branch chief and Dr. Caitlin A. Callaghan was division chief. The acting deputy director of ERDC-CRREL was Mr. Bryan E. Baker, and the director was Dr. Joseph L. Corriveau. COL Christian Patterson was the Commander of ERDC, and Dr. David W. Pittman was the Director. Special thanks to all the WMA suppliers (Ingevity, Zydex Industries, Sasol, and Nouryon) for providing the WMA additives used in this study.
Author contributions: The authors confirm the contribution to the paper as follows: study conception and design Abdelrahman Ali, Sk Faisal Kabir, Yusuf Mehta, Ayman Ali, and Mohamed Elshaer, performed laboratory experiments and data analysis and drafting of paper, Ayman Ali and Yusuf Mehta worked on experimental plan, provided the research topic and guidance for the conduct of the research and interpretation of the data, Mohamed Elshaer provided guidance and feedback for the research and interpretation of the data. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35 • Issue 12 • December 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 13, 2023
Accepted: May 17, 2023
Published online: Sep 29, 2023
Published in print: Dec 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Feb 29, 2024
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