Heating Characteristics and Deicing Properties of Magnetite Mortar Microwave-Absorbing Layer on Concrete Pavement
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 10
Abstract
A magnetite mortar microwave-absorbing layer that could be applied to concrete pavement was studied to improve the deicing efficiency of roads in low-temperature conditions. The magnetite cement mortar (MCM) was prepared by using magnetite as the main absorbing material. The microwave absorption ability and heating characteristics of MCM with different magnetite contents were investigated. In addition, the mechanical and durability properties of MCM were studied. Furthermore, a microwave-absorbing layer was prepared and tested for outdoor field deicing. The result showed that adding magnetite effectively improved the mechanical strength and frost resistance of MCM, which could improve its load resistance and service life. Meanwhile, the microwave absorption ability of MCM was also improved with the increase of magnetite content. At the microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, the average heating rate of MCM with 80% magnetite content was 2.27 times than that of ordinary cement mortar. In addition, the content of magnetite was positively correlated with the heat transfer ability of MCM. Magnetite conversion of microwave energy into heat energy could quickly transfer heat to the whole mortar system. The field deicing test verified the feasibility of efficiently deicing a magnetite mortar microwave-absorbing layer in low temperature conditions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data and models generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work presented in this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52178410) and the Qinghai Province Key Research and Development and Transformation Plan (2021-GX-122). The authors are grateful to Ziyu Gao and Jing Zhao for their help preparing the necessary equipment and materials discussed in this paper.
References
Asadi, I., P. Shafigh, Z. F. B. A. Hassan, and N. B. Mahyuddin. 2018. “Thermal conductivity of concrete—A review.” J. Build. Eng. 20 (Nov): 81–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.07.002.
Bragança, M. O., K. F. Portella, M. M. Bonato, E. Alberti, and C. E. Marino. 2016. “Performance of portland cement concretes with 1% nano- addition: Electrochemical stability under chloride and sulfate environments.” Constr. Build. Mater. 117 (Aug): 152–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.033.
Buttress, A., A. Jones, and S. Kingman. 2015. “Microwave processing of cement and concrete materials—Towards an industrial reality?” Cem. Concr. Res. 68 (Feb): 112–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.11.002.
Chen, H., Y. Wu, H. Xia, B. Jing, and Q. Zhang. 2018. “Review of ice-pavement adhesion study and development of hydrophobic surface in pavement deicing.” J. Traffic Transp. Eng. 5 (3): 224–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2018.03.002.
Chinese Standard. 2015. Specification for construction of aerodrome cement concrete pavement. MH 5006-2015. Beijing: Standard of China.
Chinese Standard. 2020. Testing methods of cement and concrete for highway engineering. JTG 3420-2020. Beijing: Standard of China.
Ding, L., X. Wang, W. Zhang, S. Wang, J. Zhao, and Y. Li. 2018. “Microwave deicing efficiency: Study on the difference between microwave frequencies and road structure materials.” Appl. Sci. 8 (12): 2360. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122360.
Djelloul, O. K., B. Menadi, G. Wardeh, and S. Kenai. 2018. “Performance of self-compacting concrete made with coarse and fine recycled concrete aggregates and ground granulated blast-furnace slag.” Adv. Concr. Constr. 6 (2): 103. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2018.6.2.103.
Du, H., and S. D. Pang. 2021. “Long-term influence of nanosilica on the microstructures, strength, and durability of high-volume fly ash mortar.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 33 (8): 04021185. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003822.
Gao, J., H. Guo, X. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Wei, Z. Wang, and B. Yang. 2019. “Microwave deicing for asphalt mixture containing steel wool fibers.” J. Cleaner Prod. 206 (Jan): 1110–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.223.
Guan, B., J. Liu, H. Zhao, J. Wu, J. Liu, and F. Yang. 2019. “Investigation of the microwave absorption of asphalt mixtures containing magnetite powder.” Coatings 9 (12): 813. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120813.
Guo, H., Z. Wang, J. Huo, X. Wang, Z. Liu, and G. Li. 2020. “Microwave heating improvement of asphalt mixtures through optimizing layer thickness of magnetite and limestone aggregates.” J. Cleaner Prod. 273 (Nov): 123090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123090.
He, Y., X. Zhang, R. D. Hooton, Y. Wang, Y. Kong, X. Wang, and H. Wang. 2020. “Influence of PCE on rheological and hydration performances of cement paste.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (3): 04020002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002924.
Horszczaruk, E., P. Sikora, and P. Zaporowski. 2015. “Mechanical properties of shielding concrete with magnetite aggregate subjected to high temperature.” Procedia Eng. 108 (Jan): 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.117.
Hu, H. H., X. B. Zuo, D. Cui, and Y. J. Tang. 2019. “Experimental study on leaching-abrasion behavior of concrete in flowing solution with low velocity.” Constr. Build. Mater. 224 (Nov): 762–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.125.
Khollam, Y. B., S. R. Dhage, H. S. Potdar, S. B. Deshpande, P. P. Bakare, S. D. Kulkarni, and S. K. Date. 2002. “Microwave hydrothermal preparation of submicron-sized spherical magnetite () powders.” Mater. Lett. 56 (4): 571–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00554-2.
Kılkış, Ş., and Ş. Kılkış. 2016. “Benchmarking airports based on a sustainability ranking index.” J. Cleaner Prod. 130 (Sep): 248–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.031.
Kupwade-Patil, K., S. D. Palkovic, A. Bumajdad, C. Soriano, and O. Büyüköztürk. 2018. “Use of silica fume and natural volcanic ash as a replacement to portland cement: Micro and pore structural investigation using NMR, XRD, FTIR and X-ray microtomography.” Constr. Build. Mater. 158 (Jan): 574–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.165.
Li, J., J. Chang, and H. Qiao. 2022. “Performance degradation of fiber-reinforced concrete under freeze–thaw cycles and its resistance to chloride ion penetration.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 34 (8): 04022180. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004314.
Lin, Y., and H. Du. 2020. “Graphene reinforced cement composites: A review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 265 (Dec): 120312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120312.
Liu, J. L., J. Y. Xu, H. Huang, and H. Chen. 2020. “Microwave deicing efficiency and dielectric property of road concrete modified using different wave absorbing material.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 174 (Jun): 103064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.103064.
Liu, J. L., J. Y. Xu, S. Lu, and H. Chen. 2019. “Investigation on dielectric properties and microwave heating efficiencies of various concrete pavements during microwave deicing.” Constr. Build. Mater. 225 (Nov): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.249.
Lu, S., E. Bai, J. Xu, and J. Chen. 2021. “Research on electromagnetic properties and microwave deicing performance of carbon fiber modified concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 286 (Jun): 122868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122868.
Makul, N., P. Rattanadecho, and D. K. Agrawal. 2014. “Applications of microwave energy in cement and concrete—A review.” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 37 (Sep): 715–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.054.
Mendes, J. C., R. R. Barreto, A. C. B. de Paula, F. P. da Fonseca Eloi, G. J. Brigolini, and R. A. F. Peixoto. 2019. “On the relationship between morphology and thermal conductivity of cement-based composites.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 104 (Nov): 103365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103365.
Mishra, R. R., and A. K. Sharma. 2016. “Microwave–material interaction phenomena: Heating mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in material processing.” Composites, Part A 81 (Feb): 78–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.10.035.
Nadoll, P., T. Angerer, J. L. Mauk, D. French, and J. Walshe. 2014. “The chemistry of hydrothermal magnetite: A review.” Ore Geol. Rev. 61 (Sep): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.12.013.
Ouda, A. S. 2015. “Development of high-performance heavy density concrete using different aggregates for gamma-ray shielding.” Prog. Nucl. Energy 79 (Mar): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2014.11.009.
Ozturk, M., O. Akgol, U. K. Sevim, M. Karaaslan, M. Demirci, and E. Unal. 2018. “Experimental work on mechanical, electromagnetic and microwave shielding effectiveness properties of mortar containing electric arc furnace slag.” Constr. Build. Mater. 165 (Mar): 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.031.
Ozturk, M., M. Karaaslan, O. Akgol, and U. K. Sevim. 2020. “Mechanical and electromagnetic performance of cement based composites containing different replacement levels of ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume and rice husk ash.” Cem. Concr. Res. 136 (Oct): 106177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106177.
Qiu, H., Y. Wu, H. Chen, R. Wang, J. Yu, and Y. Lin. 2023. “Influence of SiC on the thermal energy transfer and storage characteristics of microwave-absorbing concrete containing magnetite and/or carbonyl iron powder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 366 (Feb): 130191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130191.
Rao, R., J. Fu, Y. Chan, C. Y. Tuan, and C. Liu. 2018. “Steel fiber confined graphite concrete for pavement deicing.” Composites, Part B 155 (Dec): 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.013.
Sajid, H. U., R. Kiran, X. Qi, D. S. Bajwa, and D. Battocchi. 2020. “Employing corn derived products to reduce the corrosivity of pavement deicing materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 263 (Dec): 120662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120662.
Shao, Y., V. Rostami, Z. He, and A. J. Boyd. 2014. “Accelerated carbonation of Portland limestone cement.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26 (1): 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000773.
Shen, Y., Q. Li, and S. Xu. 2022. “Microwave absorption properties of cementitious composites containing carbonyl iron powder (CIP) and fly ash: Formation and effect of CIP core-shell structure.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 131 (Aug): 104559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104559.
Shen, Y., Q. Li, S. Xu, and X. Liu. 2021. “Electromagnetic wave absorption of multifunctional cementitious composites incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and fly ash: Effects of microstructure and hydration.” Cem. Concr. Res. 143 (May): 106389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106389.
Solórzano, E., J. A. Reglero, M. A. Rodríguez-Pérez, D. Lehmhus, M. Wichmann, and J. A. de Saja. 2008. “An experimental study on the thermal conductivity of aluminium foams by using the transient plane source method.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 51 (25–26): 6259–6267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.11.062.
Sun, D., G. Sun, X. Zhu, F. Xiao, Z. Dai, and F. Liu. 2019. “Electrical characteristics of conductive ultrathin bonded wearing course for active deicing and snow melting.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 20 (11): 1299–1308. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2017.1408271.
Valizadeh, A., F. Aslani, Z. Asif, and M. Roso. 2019. “Development of heavyweight self-compacting concrete and ambient-cured heavyweight geopolymer concrete using magnetite aggregates.” Materials (Basel) 12 (7): 1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12071035.
Wang, Z., E. Bai, H. Huang, T. Wang, and H. Sun. 2022a. “Study on the electromagnetic property and microwave heating efficiency of concrete with magnetite aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 342 (Aug): 128080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128080.
Wang, Z., Z. He, Z. Wang, and M. Ning. 2019. “Microwave deicing of functional pavement using sintered magnetically separated fly ash as microwave-heating aggregate.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (7): 04019127. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002771.
Wang, Z., H. Li, F. Huang, Z. Yi, and Z. Yang. 2022b. “Study on frost resistance of limestone manufactured sand concrete.” J. Build. Mater. 1–13.
Wang, Z., H. Wang, D. An, T. Ai, and P. Zhao. 2016a. “Laboratory investigation on deicing characteristics of asphalt mixtures using magnetite aggregate as microwave-absorbing materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 124 (Oct): 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.137.
Wang, Z., L. Wu, J. Zhou, W. Cai, B. Shen, and Z. Jiang. 2013. “Magnetite nanocrystals on multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a synergistic microwave absorber.” J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (10): 5446–5452. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4000544.
Wang, Z., T. Zhang, and L. Zhou. 2016b. “Investigation on electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of copper slag-filled cement mortar.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 74 (Nov): 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.10.003.
Wei, W., Z. Shao, Y. Zhang, R. Qiao, and J. Gao. 2019. “Fundamentals and applications of microwave energy in rock and concrete processing—A review.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 157 (Jul): 113751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113751.
Weidenfeller, B., M. Höfer, and F. Schilling. 2002. “Thermal and electrical properties of magnetite filled polymers.” Composites, Part A 33 (8): 1041–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00085-4.
Wu, Z., C. Shi, P. Gao, D. Wang, and Z. Cao. 2015. “Effects of deicing salts on the scaling resistance of concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 27 (5): 04014160. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001106.
Zhang, J., X. Weng, L. Jiang, B. Yang, and J. Liu. 2018. “Frost resistance of concrete reinforced using surface-strengthening materials in airport pavements.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (3): 04018006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002184.
Zhu, H., J. He, T. Hong, Q. Yang, Y. Wu, Y. Yang, and K. Huang. 2018. “A rotary radiation structure for microwave heating uniformity improvement.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 141 (Aug): 648–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.122.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35 • Issue 10 • October 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 6, 2022
Accepted: Mar 6, 2023
Published online: Jul 17, 2023
Published in print: Oct 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Dec 17, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.