Degradation Law and Prediction Model of Elastic Modulus of High-Performance Concrete under Thermal Cycling
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 6
Abstract
In this study, a thermal cycling method was proposed in the temperature range of 25°C–65°C to investigate the effect of thermal cycling on the elastic modulus of high-performance concretes (HPC40 and HPC60). In addition, the applicabilities of infrared thermography and ultrasound techniques were compared to detect defects in concrete under the effect of thermal cycling. Furthermore, the influence of the microstructure on elastic modulus was studied using scanning electron microscopy and backscattered electron analysis. Finally, based on the four-sphere model, a prediction model of elastic modulus evolution was established considering the influence of the microstructure. The elastic modulus of the HPC decreased with the increasing number of thermal cycling tests, and as the strength grade of concrete increased, the decrease of elastic modulus became more evident. With the increasing number of thermal cycling tests, the maximum value of the average surface temperature increased, while the ultrasonic velocity decreased. The experiment illustrated the infrared thermography method was appropriate for characterizing concrete with severe defects, while the ultrasonic technique was more suitable for characterizing concrete with less damage. Under the effect of thermal cycling, microcracks clearly appeared in the matrix and interface transition zone, and the structure of the hydration products changed from dense to loose, resulting in the degradation of the elastic modulus. The predicted elastic modulus values from an evolution model, developed to describe the effect of microstructure on elastic modulus, matched the experimental values well.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51578033), is greatly appreciated.
References
Al-Tayyib, A. J., M. H. Baluch, A. M. Sharif, and M. M. Mahamud. 1989. “The effect of thermal cycling on the durability of concrete made from local materials in the Arabian Gulf countries.” Cem. Concr. Res. 19 (1): 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(89)90073-2.
Baluch, M. H., L. A. R. Al-Nour, A. K. Azad, M. Y. Al-Mandil, A. M. Sharif, and D. K. Pearson-Kir. 1989. “Concrete degradation due to thermal incompatibility of its components.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 1 (3): 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1989)1:3(105).
Behnood, A., and H. Ziari. 2008. “Effects of silica fume addition and water to cement ratio on the properties of high-strength concrete after exposure to high temperatures.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 30 (2): 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.06.003.
Bian, H., K. Hannawi, M. Takarli, L. Molez, and W. Prince. 2016. “Effects of thermal damage on physical properties and cracking behavior of ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete.” J. Mater. Sci. 51 (22): 10066–10076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0233-9.
Deserio, J. N. 1971. “Thermal and shrinkage stress-they damage structures.” ACI Struct. J. 27 (Jan): 43–50.
Hao, E. H., J. Liu, and Z. H. Wang. 2002. “The study on relation between crush intensity and elastic modulus and velocity of ultrasonic sound for concrete.” J. Tianjin Univ. 35 (3): 380–383.
Hassen, S., and H. Colina. 2012. “Effect of a heating–cooling cycle on elastic strain and Young’s modulus of high performance and ordinary concrete.” Mater. Struct. 45 (12): 1861–1875. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9875-5.
Huo, J. S., Y. M. He, L. P. Xiao, and B. S. Chen. 2013. “Experimental study on dynamic behaviours of concrete after exposure to high temperatures up to 700°C.” Mater. Struct. 46 (1): 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9899-x.
Kada, H., M. Lachemi, and N. Petrov. 2002. “Determination of the coefficient of thermal expansion of high performance concrete from initial setting.” Mater. Struct. 35 (1): 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02482088.
Kanellopoulos, A., F. A. Farhat, D. Nicolaides, and B. L. Karihaloo. 2009. “Mechanical and fracture properties of cement-based bi-materials after thermal cycling.” Cem. Concr. Res. 39 (11): 1087–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.07.008.
Kudor, V. K. R., and M. A. Sultan. 2003. “Effect of temperature on thermal properties of high-strength concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 15 (2): 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000225.
Larrard, F. D. 1999. Concrete mixture-proportioning: A scientific approach. London: E. and F. N. Spon.
Liu, M. H., and Y. F. Wang. 2011a. “Four-phase sphere model for elastic modulus of concrete with age.” J. Beijing Jiaotong Univ. 35 (1): 20–23.
Liu, M. H., and Y. F. Wang. 2011b. “Prediction of the strength development of fly ash concrete.” Adv. Mater. Res. 150–151 (Oct): 1026–1033. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.150-151.1026.
Maierhofer, C., A. Brink, M. Röllig, and H. Wiggenhauser. 2002. “Transient thermography for structural investigation of concrete and composites in the near surface region.” Infrared Phys. Technol. 43 (3–5): 271–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4495(02)00151-2.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China). 2002. Standard for test method of mechanical properties on ordinary concrete. GB/T 50081-2002. Beijing: Standards Press of China.
Norris, A., M. Saafi, and P. Romine. 2008. “Temperature and moisture monitoring in concrete structures using embedded nanotechnology/microelectromechanical systems sensors.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (2): 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.05.047.
Poon, C. S., S. Azhar, M. Anson, and Y. Wong. 2001. “Comparison of the strength and durability performance of normal- and high-strength pozzolanic concretes at elevated temperatures.” Cem. Concr. Res. 31 (9): 1291–1300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00580-4.
Rashid, K., Y. Wang, and T. Ueda. 2019. “Influence of continuous and cyclic temperature durations on the performance of polymer cement mortar and its composite with concrete.” Compos. Struct. 215 (May): 214–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.02.057.
Sakagami, T., and S. Kubo. 2002. “Applications of pulse heating thermography and lock-in thermography to quantitative nondestructive evaluations.” Infrared Phys. Technol. 43 (3–5): 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4495(02)00141-X.
Schulson, E. M., I. P. Swainson, and T. M. Holden. 2001. “Internal stress within hardened cement paste induced through thermal mismatch.” Cem. Concr. Res. 31 (12): 1785–1791. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00554-3.
Scrivener, K. L., A. K. Crumbie, and P. Laugesen. 2004. “The interfacial transition zone between cement paste and aggregate in concrete.” Interface Sci. 12 (4): 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:INTS.0000042339.92990.4c.
Shui, Z.-H., R. Zhang, W. Chen, and D.-X. Xuan. 2010. “Effects of mineral admixtures on the thermal expansion properties of hardened cement paste.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (9): 1761–1767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.02.012.
Sovová, K., K. Mikulica, A. Hubáček, and K. Dvořák. 2018. “Behavior of high strength concrete at high temperatures.” Solid State Phenom. 276 (Jun): 259–264. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.276.259.
Ulrik, A. U., and P. J. M. Monteiro. 1993. “Concrete: A three phase material.” Cem. Concr. Res. 23 (1): 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(93)90145-Y.
Venecanin, S. D. 1989. “Thermal incompatibility of concrete components and durability of structures.” In Vol. 3 of Proc., Iabse Symp. Lisbon: Int. Association for Bridge and Structural, 97–106. Red Hook, NY: Curran Associates.
Venecanin, S. D. 1990. “Thermal incompatibility of concrete components and thermal properties of carbonate rocks.” ACI Mater. J. 87 (6): 602–607.
Wang, S. H., Z. H. Shui, and D. X. Xuan. 2006. “Investigation on surface cracking damage of concrete under big temperature difference.” Supplement, J. Southeast Univ. 36 (S2): 122–125.
Wong, H. S., M. K. Head, and N. R. Buenfeld. 2006. “Pore segmentation of cement-based materials from backscattered electron images.” Cem. Concr. Res. 36 (6): 1083–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.10.006.
Wu, H. P., H. X. Du, and C. H. Cheng. 2015. “Damage detection of high strength concrete exposed to high temperature by infrared thermal image.” J. Guangxi Univ. 1 (40): 87–92.
Xuan, D. X., Z. H. Shui, and B. B. Cao. 2007. “Investigation on thermal deformation divergence between components of cement-based materials.” J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. 29 (1): 30–32.
Ying, Z. Q., and C. B. Du. 2008. “A numerical method for effective elastic modulus of concrete with interfacial transition zone.” Eng. Mech. 25 (8): 92–96.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35 • Issue 6 • June 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 7, 2022
Accepted: Oct 14, 2022
Published online: Mar 30, 2023
Published in print: Jun 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Aug 30, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.