Flow Around Fixed Circular Cylinders: Fluctuating Loads

A review is presented of existing experimental information on the flow around, and the fluctuating loads on, fixed circular cylinders in uniform streams, including in particular the effects of free-stream turbulence and surface roughness. Dependent parameters examined are the Strouhal number, the root mean square drag, lift, and pressure coefficients, and the correlations and spectra of the fluctuations. The characterization and definition of the various flow regimes (subcritical, critical, supercritical, and transcritical), and the manner of transition between regimes are analyzed, with due regard to the possible three-dimensional nature of the flow and the effect of the inherent flow unsteadiness. Free-stream turbulence effects are examined in the various flow regimes; a limited review of theoretical results is also presented.