Effect of Fluctuated Water Pressure Flushing Treatment on the Anticlogging Performance of Pressure Compensated Emitter
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 150, Issue 6
Abstract
Emitters are widely used in drip irrigation technology. The clogging problem caused by emitters shortens the service life and affects the popularization of drip irrigation technology. Using fluctuating water pressure irrigation and flushing drip line can prevent the emitter from clogging. In order to explore the clogging characteristics and the mechanism of water and sediment movement of emitters under fluctuated pressure flushing, the authors selected the patch-type pressure compensation emitter as the research object and chose two flushing water modes (fluctuated pressure, constant pressure) and three flushing frequencies (4, 8, and 12 days) for anticlogging performance testing in this paper. The change of clogging characteristics (, ) under different flushing treatments was studied, and the content of silted sediment in the drip line was also analyzed. The gradation comparison and particle size analysis of the discharged sediment and clogged sediment from the emitter were carried out by using the laser particle size analyzer. The results show that (1) using fluctuated water pressure under high-frequency flushing treatment can significantly improve the service life of emitters. Under the coupling effect of the two, the service life of the emitter increases by 105.96%. (2) Different flushing treatments significantly impact the specific surface area blockage content (), with M2 decreasing by a maximum of 55.54%. (3) Fluctuated water pressure flushing treatment acts on the sediment in the stagnant area of the flow channel, enabling it to return to the mainstream zone quickly and discharge from the body. Moreover, it promotes the discharge of sand particles and sensitive sediment (30–38 μm, 75–100 μm) and significantly reduces blocked sediment’s upper limit particle size. The research results provide an experimental basis for fluctuated pressure flushing treatment of emitters.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data and models that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52269011) and Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province (Grant Nos. 202402AE090005 and 202302AE090024).
References
Athanasios, N. P., E. Mohamed, K. George, P. Shwet, E. John, G. D. Li, and X. M. Ye. 2010. “Sediment transport modeling review—Current and future developments.” Adv. Mech. 40 (3): 323–339. https://doi.org/10.6052/1000-0992-2010-3-J2009-110.
Chai, Z. H., H. W. Fang, S. M. Yao, and X. Wang. 2016. “A model for the flocculation-settling-resuspension process of cohesive sediment.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 47 (12): 1540–1547. https://doi.org/10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20160065.
do Amaral, M. A., R. D. Coelho, J. de Oliveira Costa, D. J. de Sousa Pereira, and A. P. de Camargo. 2022. “Dripper clogging by soil particles entering lateral lines directly during irrigation network assembly in the field.” Agric. Water Manage. 273 (Oct): 107884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107884.
Feng, D., Y. H. Kang, S. Q. Wan, and S. P. Liu. 2017. “Lateral flushing regime for managing emitter clogging under drip irrigation with saline groundwater.” Irrig. Sci. 35 (3): 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-017-0536-x.
Fernandes, C. N., and J. C. C. Saad. 2022. “Evaluation of pulsating pressure and emitter position in preventing drip emitters from clogging.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 148 (3): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001658.
Ge, L. X., Z. Y. Wei, M. Cao, Y. P. Tang, and B. H. Lu. 2010. “Deposition law of sand in labyrinth-channel of emitter.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 26 (3): 20–24. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.03.004.
ISO. 2004. Agricultural irrigation equipment-emitters and emitting pipe-specification and test methods. ISO 9261:2004. Geneva: ISO.
Kou, B. Q., Y. X. Cao, J. D. Li, C. J. Xia, Z. F. Li, H. P. Dong, A. Zhang, J. Zhang, W. Kob, and Y. J. Wang. 2017. “Granular materials flow like complex fluids.” Nature 551 (7680): 360–363. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24062.
Li, Y. K., P. Song, Y. T. Pei, and J. Feng. 2015. “Effects of lateral flushing on emitter clogging and biofilm components in drip irrigation systems with reclaimed water.” Irrig. Sci. 33 (3): 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-015-0462-8.
Li, Z. Q., G. Chen, and X. C. Yang. 2006. “Experimental study of physical clogging factor of labyrinth emitter caused by muddy water.” J. Xi’an Univ. Technol. 2006 (4): 395–398. https://doi.org/10.19322/j.cnki.issn.1006-4710.2006.04.014.
Li, Z. Y., L. N. Yu, N. Li, L. H. Chang, and N. B. Cui. 2018. “Influence of flushing velocity and flushing frequency on the service life of labyrinth-channel emitters.” Water 10 (11): 1630. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111630.
Liu, J., C. Wang, Q. S. Wei, and Y. S. Shi. 2014. “Experimental study of effect of fluctuating water pressure factors on hydraulic properties of drip emitters.” J. Hohai Univ. (Natl. Sci.) 42 (4): 361–366. https://doi.org/10.3876/j.issn.1000-1980.2014.04.015.
Liu, L., W. Q. Niu, and Z. Bob. 2012. “Influence of sediment particle size on clogging performance of labyrinth path emitters.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 28 (1): 87–93. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.01.017.
Pei, Y. T., Y. K. Li, Y. Z. Liu, B. Zhou, Z. Shi, and Y. G. Jiang. 2014. “Eight emitters clogging characteristics and its suitability under on-site reclaimed water drip irrigation.” Irrig. Sci. 32 (2): 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-013-0420-2.
Puig, B. J., G. Arbat, M. Elbana, R. M. Duran, J. Barragán, F. R. de Cartagena, and F. R. Lamm. 2010a. “Effect of flushing frequency on emitter clogging in microirrigation with effluents.” Agric. Water Manage. 97 (6): 883–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.01.019.
Puig, B. J., F. R. Lamm, T. P. Trooien, and G. A. Clark. 2010b. “Effect of dripline flushing on subsurface drip irrigation systems.” Trans. ASABE 53 (1): 147–155. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.29513.
Shannon, W., L. G. James, D. L. Bassett, and W. C. Mih. 1982. “Sediment transport and deposition in trickle irrigation laterals.” Trans. ASAE 25 (1): 160–164. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.33496.
Shi, B., S. Y. Cao, and X. N. Liu. 2000. “Present status of research and vectorial equation of incipient velocity on non-uniform sediment.” Period. Ocean Univ. China 33 (4): 723–728. https://doi.org/10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.2000.04.033.
Tsai, S. T., and C. Xin. 2022. “Sedimentation motion of sand particles in moving water (I): The resistance on a small sphere moving in non-uniform flow.” Theor. Appl. Mech. Lett. 12 (6): 100392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taml.2022.100392.
Wang, H., G. Ling, M. Y. Hu, W. Wang, and X. T. Hu. 2022. “Physical clogging characteristics of labyrinth emitters under low-quality (sand-laden water) irrigation.” Agronomy 12 (7): 1615. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071615.
Wang, W. E., F. J. Wang, W. Q. Niu, and X. T. Hu. 2009. “Numerical analysis of influence of emitter channel structure on suspended granule distribution.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 25 (5): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.05.001.
Wang, Y. L., D. L. Zhu, L. Zhang, W. P. Peng, Z. Z. Zhang, and G. P. Ren. 2014. “Experiment on sediment distribution in lateral pipes and clogging of emitter.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach. 45 (6): 177–182. https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.06.027.
Wang, Z. H., X. G. Chen, X. R. Zheng, W. B. Fan, W. H. Li, and R. Zong. 2020. “Discussion of the future development of field drip irrigation in China.” Agric. Res. Arid Areas 38 (4): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.04.01.
Wu, Z. G., and W. Q. Niu. 2014. “Influence of sediment composition on clogging of labyrinth channels emitters and deposition in emitter pipe.” J. Northwest A&F Univ. (Natl. Sci. Edition) 42 (5): 223–228. https://doi.org/10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2014.05.027.
Wu, Z. G., Z. Z. Zhang, K. M. Zhang, C. Y. Luo, W. Q. Niu, and L. M. Yu. 2014. “Influence of particle size and concentration of sediment on clogging of labyrinth channels emitters.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 30 (7): 99–108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.07.012.
Yan, D. Z., P. L. Yang, and S. M. Ren. 2007. “Study on dynamic analysis of particle movement in drip emitter based on CFD.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach. 38 (6): 71–74. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1298.2007.06.18.
Yu, L. M., X. Q. Chi, K. H. Liu, N. Li, D. Wang, S. G. Shao, and N. B. Cui. 2022a. “Anti-clogging performance of labyrinth emitters improved by sinusoidal wave dynamic water pressure.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 38 (8): 79–87. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.08.010.
Yu, L. M., N. Li, X. G. Liu, Q. L. Yang, and J. Long. 2018. “Influence of flushing pressure, flushing frequency and flushing time on the service life of a labyrinth-channel emitter.” Biosyst. Eng. 172 (Aug): 154–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2018.06.010.
Yu, L. M., X. J. Yu, H. H. Guo, T. T. Wang, N. B. Cui, and N. Li. 2022b. “Mechanism and anti-clogging of labyrinth-channel emitters under fluctuated water pressure.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach. 53 (5): 342–349. https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2022.05.036.
Yu, L. M., X. J. Yu, N. Li, G. L. Zhang, D. Han, and N. B. Cui. 2021. “Sediment distribution mechanism of labyrinth-channel emitters under different flushing measures.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach. 52 (7): 304–312. https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2021.07.032.
Zhang, W. Q., W. Q. Niu, X. K. Li, M. Lü, X. K. Yang, and S. L. Wen. 2019. “Determination of first lateral flushing time and period to mitigate risk of emitter clogging in drip irrigation.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 35 (7): 70–77. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.009.
Zheng, C., P. T. Wu, L. Zhang, D. L. Zhu, X. Chen, and J. Y. Chen. 2015. “Flow characteristics in labyrinth channel under dynamic water pressure.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach. 46 (9): 167–172. https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.09.024.
Zheng, C., P. T. Wu, L. Zhang, D. L. Zhu, X. Zhao, and B. D. An. 2017. “Particles movement characteristics in labyrinth channel under different dynamic water pressure modes.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach. 48 (3): 294–301. https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.03.037.
Zhou, H. X., Y. K. Li, Y. Wang, B. Zhou, and R. B. Bhattarai. 2019. “Composite fouling of drip emitters applying surface water with high sand concentration: Dynamic variation and formation mechanism.” Agric. Water Manage. 215 (C): 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.01.009.
Zhu, Z. F., M. Zhao, and T. S. Yang. 2010. “Review on experimental research on effect of shear flow on flocculation of cohesive sediment.” J. Sediment Res. 2010 (4): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.16239/j.cnki.0468-155x.2010.04.013.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 150 • Issue 6 • December 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 28, 2023
Accepted: May 28, 2024
Published online: Aug 21, 2024
Published in print: Dec 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Jan 21, 2025
ASCE Technical Topics:
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.