Deoxygenation Pathways for Sustainable Aviation Fuel from Used Cooking Oil: A Review on Catalyst and Operating Parameters
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 28, Issue 4
Abstract
The aviation industry stands at the crossroads of a climate crisis, which significantly contributes to worldwide carbon (C) emissions. To combat this issue and embrace environmental sustainability, the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from triglyceride-based bio-oils has emerged as a pivotal research and industry pursuit. Traditional aviation fuels that are derived from fossil sources are a major contributor to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, SAF presents a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative by harnessing the potential of a used cooking oil (UCO) (triglyceride source), an often-neglected waste stream with significant environmental implications when improperly managed. Among the various conversion methods, the deoxygenation (DO) reaction pathway has emerged as a promising method for converting triglycerides into SAF. However, this emerging technology has significant challenges, which primarily revolve around the selection of feedstocks, catalysts, reaction pathways, and operational parameters. Therefore, this study provides a holistic overview of the DO of a triglyceride-based UCO feedstock as a promising avenue for SAF production by navigating diverse SAF feedstocks, tailoring the DO to enhance versatility, exploring catalyst nuances that impact the DO, and unraveling the optimal operating conditions for superior SAF yields and selectivity. This study concludes that the optimal conditions for SAF production involve utilizing feedstocks with a low free fatty acid (FFA) content, such as canola or high oleic sunflower oils. Employing catalysts with a high surface area and abundant acid sites, such as Zeolite Socony Mobil–5 (ZSM–5), along with metal impregnators such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nickel (Ni) as active metal and promoters, in a down-trickle bed reactor within 300°C–380°C and pressure range of 10–50 bar, proves to be the most effective approach.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the UPES, Dehradun, and the Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai.
All authors contributed equally to the preparation of this review paper.
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Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 28 • Issue 4 • October 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 20, 2023
Accepted: Apr 22, 2024
Published online: Jul 10, 2024
Published in print: Oct 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Dec 10, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
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