Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Waste Management in the ASEAN Oil and Gas Industry: A Review
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 28, Issue 1
Abstract
Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) waste that is generated from oil and gas production and decommissioning activities could have radiological effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, safe and sustainable management of NORM is crucial. In this paper, a review of the NORM waste management systems, particularly for oil and gas operations in four Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries (i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam), is carried out. Through the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of such systems, this paper finds that among the four countries, Malaysia has the most comprehensive legal framework for NORM waste management, which includes specific guidelines for managing NORM waste from the oil and gas industry. Since proper NORM waste disposal facilities are currently unavailable in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, they should be developed. However, this task is not easy, particularly finding an appropriate site. Despite having disposal facilities specialized for NORM waste, Malaysia should build more facilities that are designed following the newly published guidance. Although some legal and guiding documents on radioactive or NORM waste have been drafted in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, specific ones should be established to manage NORM waste from oil and gas activities. In Indonesia, the enhancement of local capacity building and construction of laboratories that are capable of NORM concentration analysis will help strengthen the implementation of NORM-related regulations. Meanwhile, more storage facilities for NORM waste should be built in Thailand, and NORM waste from the oil and gas industry should be managed as radioactive waste in Vietnam.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and codes generated or used during this study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This work is part of the SEELOS1920\1\111 project, which was supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering and the Lloyd’s Register Foundation under the Safer End of Engineered Life – Offshore Ships scheme. The authors are grateful to the representatives of BMT Thailand, INSEE Ecocycle, Chevron Thailand, and Mr. Thor Sterker – co-owner at PB Consultants, for providing useful information during the research process. In addition, many thanks are given to Dr. Teng Iyu Lin, Department of Atomic Energy Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Dengkil, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, and Dr. Bui Thanh Binh in the Petroleum Faculty and M.Sc. Nguyen Van Kiet in the Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, PetroVietnam University, Ba Ria City, Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam, for valuable comments.
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Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 28 • Issue 1 • January 2024
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Feb 19, 2023
Accepted: Jun 8, 2023
Published online: Aug 22, 2023
Published in print: Jan 1, 2024
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