Flow Behavior and Breakup of Liquid Jets Issued from Rectangular Nozzles
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 150, Issue 6
Abstract
This paper experimentally studied water jets issued vertically downward from rectangular nozzles into still ambient air. Two rectangular nozzles having the same aspect ratio but different cross-sectional areas were tested under different water flow rates. The water jet surface characteristics while falling were explored using a high-speed camera. The phenomenon of axis switching was observed under both rectangular nozzles. The magnitude of the jet surface fluctuation with falling distance was found to follow an exponential growth. The breakup length was found linearly increasing with the square root of the liquid Weber number. The diameters of the droplets released from jet breakup were analyzed and were mostly around 2 cm.
Practical Applications
This investigation studied the characteristics of water jets issued from two rectangular nozzles, including the axis-switching phenomenon, surface wave disturbance, jet breakup length, and diameter of droplets. The outcomes of this study contribute to a better understanding of rectangular jet flows in practical applications. For example, the water flow discharged from spillway gates can be approximated as a large rectangular water jet, the breakup features of such water flows can be estimated, which are closely related to the total dissolved gas level downstream of the dam. Also, the flow inside a dropshaft can be approximated as a rectangular water jet. The results of jet breakup length in this study can provide design reference for noncircular jets.
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Data Availability Statement
All data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful for the financial support from the Youth Science and Technology Fund Program of Gansu Province (No. 22JR5RA287), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51509123), the Red Willow Excellent Youth Talent Foundation Program of Lanzhou University of Technology (No. 062004), and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Start-up Program of Lanzhou University of Technology (No. 061908). The authors would like to thank the China Scholarship Council, the City of Edmonton, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for providing funding for this work. The support of Perry Fedun for building the experimental apparatus is also appreciated.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 150 • Issue 6 • November 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 6, 2023
Accepted: Jun 4, 2024
Published online: Jul 30, 2024
Published in print: Nov 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Dec 30, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Cameras
- Continuum mechanics
- Cross sections
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Equipment and machinery
- Flow (fluid dynamics)
- Flow rates
- Fluid dynamics
- Fluid mechanics
- Hydraulic engineering
- Hydrologic engineering
- Hydrologic properties
- Hydrology
- Hydromechanics
- Jets (fluid)
- Mathematics
- Surface water
- Water (by type)
- Water and water resources
- Water flow
- Water management
- Water surface
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