Abstract
Bank erosion plays an important role in the hydro-morphodynamics and evolution of natural rivers. Therefore, it is essential to have a reliable bank erosion model for accurate simulation of hydro-morphodynamic processes. We developed and successfully implemented a new, feasible bank erosion model in Delft3D software. The developed model considers physical bank erosion processes to a greater extent than previous models. Model performance was assessed by comparison with a previously reported experiment in a mobile-bed-and-bank laboratory open-channel bend flume. The results from our developed model were compared with those from the standard Delft3D and angle of repose bank erosion models. We showed that progressive lateral bank erosion as well as the corresponding hydro-morphodynamics of the channel were better predicted by the developed bank erosion model. The results of this study provide insight into bank erosion prediction with Delft3D, and they suggest that the developed model will improve the performance of the Delft3D model for short- and long-term hydro-morphodynamic simulation of natural meandering rivers.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank The City of Calgary and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant CRDJP 524502-18) for funding this project.
References
Abderrezzak, K. E. K., A. D. Moran, P. Tassi, R. Ata, and J. M. Hervouet. 2016. “Modelling river bank erosion using a 2D depth-averaged numerical model of flow and non-cohesive, non-uniform sediment transport.” Adv. Water Resour. 93 (May): 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.11.004.
Asahi, K., Y. Shimizu, J. Nelson, and G. Parker. 2013. “Numerical simulation of river meandering with self-evolving banks.” J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 118 (4): 2208–2229. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20150.
Bulat, M., P. M. Biron, J. R. Lacey, M. Botrel, C. Hudon, and R. Maranger. 2019. “A three-dimensional numerical model investigation of the impact of submerged macrophytes on flow dynamics in a large fluvial lake.” Freshwater Biol. 64 (9): 1627–1642. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13359.
Canestrelli, A., A. Spruyt, B. Jagers, R. Slingerland, and M. Borsboom. 2016. “A mass-conservative staggered immersed boundary model for solving the shallow water equations on complex geometries.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 81 (3): 151–177. https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.4180.
Chen, D., and J. G. Duan. 2006. “Modeling width adjustment in meandering channels.” J. Hydrol. 321 (1–4): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.034.
Constantine, C. R., T. Dunne, and G. J. Hanson. 2009. “Examining the physical meaning of the bank erosion coefficient used in meander migration modeling.” Geomorphology 106 (3–4): 242–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.11.002.
Darby, S. E., A. M. Alabyan, and M. J. Van de Wiel. 2002. “Numerical simulation of bank erosion and channel migration in meandering rivers.” Water Resour. Res. 38 (9): 2–21. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000602.
Deltares. 2020. Delft3D-FLOW user manual. Delft, Netherlands: Deltares.
Duan, J. G., and P. Y. Julien. 2005. “Numerical simulation of the inception of channel meandering.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms 30 (9): 1093–1110. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1264.
Eaton, B. C., M. Church, and R. G. Millar. 2004. “Rational regime model of alluvial channel morphology and response.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms 29 (4): 511–529. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1062.
Hagemann, L., M. Buchty-Lemke, F. Lehmkuhl, J. Alzer, E. A. Kümmerle, and J. Schwarzbauer. 2018. “Exhaustive screening of long-term pollutants in riverbank sediments of the Wurm River, Germany.” Water Air Soil Pollut. 229 (6): 197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3843-9.
Hervouet, J.-M. 2007. Hydrodynamics of free surface flows: Modelling with the finite element method, 360. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470319628.
Jagers, B., A. Spruyt, and E. Mosselman. 2011. “How to include steep bank retreat in 2D/3D morphological models.” In Proc., AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.
Jamieson, E. C., C. D. Rennie, and R. D. Townsend. 2013. “3D flow and sediment dynamics in a laboratory channel bend with and without stream barbs.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 139 (2): 154–166. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000655.
Javernick, L., D. M. Hicks, R. Measures, B. Caruso, and J. Brasington. 2016. “Numerical modelling of braided rivers with structure-from-motion-derived terrain models.” River Res. Appl. 32 (5): 1071–1081. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2918.
Kasvi, E., P. Alho, E. Lotsari, Y. Wang, A. Kukko, H. Hyyppä, and J. Hyyppä. 2015. “Two-dimensional and three-dimensional computational models in hydrodynamic and morphodynamic reconstructions of a river bend: Sensitivity and functionality.” Hydrol. Processes 29 (6): 1604–1629. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10277.
Khosronejad, A., C. D. Rennie, S. A. A. Salehi Neyshabouri, and R. D. Townsend. 2007. “3D numerical modeling of flow and sediment transport in laboratory channel bends.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 133 (10): 1123–1134. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:10(1123).
Klösch, M., M. Tritthart, and H. Habersack. 2010. “Modeling of near-bank flow velocities during flow events as basis for developing bank erosion equations.” In Proc., River Flow 2010, 1301–1308. Karlsruhe, Germany: Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau.
Kuntjoro, D. H. 2018. “The movement of the regularly river meanders on constant discharge.” Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol. (IJCIET) 9 (6): 619–629.
Lai, Y. G. 2010. “Two-dimensional depth-averaged flow modeling with an unstructured hybrid mesh.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 136 (1): 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000134.
Lai, Y. G., R. E. Thomas, Y. Ozeren, A. Simon, B. P. Greimann, and K. Wu. 2015. “Modeling of multilayer cohesive bank erosion with a coupled bank stability and mobile-bed model.” Geomorphology 243 (May): 116–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.017.
Langendoen, E. J., A. Mendoza, J. D. Abad, P. Tassi, D. Wang, R. Ata, K. El kadi Abderrezzak, and J. M. Hervouet. 2016. “Improved numerical modeling of morphodynamics of rivers with steep banks.” Adv. Water Resour. 93 (Jun): 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.04.002.
Langendoen, E. J., and A. Simon. 2008. “Modeling the evolution of incised streams. II: Streambank erosion.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 134 (7): 905–915. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:7(905).
Larsen, E. W., E. H. Girvetz, and A. K. Fremier. 2006. “Assessing the effects of alternative setback channel constraint scenarios employing a river meander migration model.” Environ. Manage. 37 (6): 880–897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0220-9.
Midgley, T. L., G. A. Fox, and D. M. Heeren. 2012. “Evaluation of the bank stability and toe erosion model (BSTEM) for predicting lateral retreat on composite streambanks.” Geomorphology 145 (Jun): 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.044.
Mosselman, E. 1998. “Morphological modelling of rivers with erodible banks.” Hydrol. Processes 12 (8): 1357–1370. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19980630)12:8%3C1357::AID-HYP619%3E3.0.CO;2-7.
Nagata, N., T. Hosoda, and Y. Muramoto. 2000. “Numerical analysis of river channel processes with bank erosion.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 126 (4): 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:4(243).
Nardi, L., L. Campo, and M. Rinaldi. 2013. “Quantification of riverbank erosion and application in risk analysis.” Nat. Hazards 69 (1): 869–887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0741-8.
Nicholas, A. P. 2013. “Modelling the continuum of river channel patterns.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms 38 (10): 1187–1196. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3431.
Olsen, N. R., and S. Stokseth. 1995. “Three-dimensional numerical modelling of water flow in a river with large bed roughness.” J. Hydraul. Res. 33 (4): 571–581. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221689509498662.
Olsen, N. R. B. 2021. “3D numerical modelling of braided channel formation.” Geomorphology 375 (Feb): 107528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107528.
Osman, A. M., and C. R. Thorne. 1988. “Riverbank stability analysis. I: Theory.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 114 (2): 134–150. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:2(134).
Parker, G., Y. Shimizu, G. V. Wilkerson, E. C. Eke, J. D. Abad, J. W. Lauer, C. Paola, W. E. Dietrich, and V. R. Voller. 2011. “A new framework for modeling the migration of meandering rivers.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms 36 (1): 70–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2113.
Parsapour-Moghaddam, P., C. P. Brennan, C. D. Rennie, C. K. Elvidge, and S. J. Cooke. 2019. “Impacts of channel morphodynamics on fish habitat utilization.” Environ. Manage. 64 (3): 272–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01197-0.
Parsapour-Moghaddam, P., and C. D. Rennie. 2017. “Hydrostatic versus nonhydrostatic hydrodynamic modelling of secondary flow in a tortuously meandering river: Application of Delft3D.” River Res. Appl. 33 (9): 1400–1410. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3214.
Parsapour-Moghaddam, P., and C. D. Rennie. 2018. “Calibration of a 3D hydrodynamic meandering river model using fully spatially distributed 3D ADCP velocity data.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 144 (4): 04018010. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001424.
Piégay, H., S. E. Darby, E. Mosselman, and N. Surian. 2005. “A review of techniques available for delimiting the erodible river corridor: A sustainable approach to managing bank erosion.” River Res. Appl. 21 (7): 773–789. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.881.
Rinaldi, M., and S. E. Darby. 2007. “9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: Progress towards fully coupled simulations.” Dev. Earth Surf. Processes 11 (Feb): 213–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-2025(07)11126-3.
Rinaldi, M., B. Mengoni, L. Luppi, S. E. Darby, and E. Mosselman. 2008. “Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend.” Water Resour. Res. 44 (9): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007008.
Rousseau, Y. Y., M. J. Van de Wiel, and P. M. Biron. 2017. “Simulating bank erosion over an extended natural sinuous river reach using a universal slope stability algorithm coupled with a morphodynamic model.” Geomorphology 295 (Aug): 690–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.08.008.
Shimizu, Y., H. Yamaguchi, and T. Itakura. 1990. “Three-dimensional computation of flow and bed deformation.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 116 (9): 1090–1108. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1990)116:9(1090).
Simon, A., N. Pollen-Bankhead, and R. E. Thomas. 2011. “Development and application of a deterministic bank stability and toe erosion model for stream restoration.” In Stream restoration in dynamic fluvial systems, 453–474. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.
Sinha, S., X. Liu, and M. H. Garcia. 2012. “Three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling of the Chicago River, Illinois.” Environ. Fluid Mech. 12 (5): 471–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-012-9244-5.
Spruyt, A., E. Mosselman, and B. Jagers. 2011. “A new approach to river bank retreat and advance in 2D numerical models of fluvial morphodynamics.” In Proc., 7th IAHS Symp. of River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics, RCEM 2011, 1863–1871. Beijng: Tsinghua University Press.
Stecca, G., R. Measures, and D. M. Hicks. 2017. “A framework for the analysis of noncohesive bank erosion algorithms in morphodynamic modeling.” Water Resour. Res. 53 (8): 6663–6686. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020756.
Theol, S., B. Jagers, J. R. Yangkhurung, F. X. Suryadi, and C. de Fraiture. 2020. “Effect of gate selection on the non-cohesive sedimentation in irrigation schemes.” Water 12 (10): 2765. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102765.
Van der Wegen, M., Z. B. Wang, H. H. G. Savenije, and J. A. Roelvink. 2008. “Long-term morphodynamic evolution and energy dissipation in a coastal plain, tidal embayment.” J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 113 (F3): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000898.
Villaret, C., J.-M. Hervouet, R. Kopmann, U. Merkel, and A. G. Davies. 2013. “Morphodynamic modeling using the Telemac finite-element system.” Comput Geosci. 53 (Apr): 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.10.004.
Wallick, J. R., S. T. Lancaster, and J. P. Bolte. 2006. “Determination of bank erodibility for natural and anthropogenic bank materials using a model of lateral migration and observed erosion along the Willamette River, Oregon, USA.” River Res. Appl. 22 (6): 631–649. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.925.
Williams, R. D., J. Brasington, M. Hicks, R. Measures, C. D. Rennie, and D. Vericat. 2013. “Hydraulic validation of two-dimensional simulations of braided river flow with spatially continuous aDcp data.” Water Resour. Res. 49 (9): 5183–5205. https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20391.
Williams, R. D., R. Measures, D. M. Hicks, and J. Brasington. 2016. “Assessment of a numerical model to reproduce event-scale erosion and deposition distributions in a braided river.” Water Resour. Res. 52 (8): 6621–6642. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018491.
Yan, X., C. D. Rennie, and A. Mohammadian. 2020. “A three-dimensional numerical study of flow characteristics in strongly curved channel bends with different side slopes.” Environ. Fluid Mech. 20 (6): 1491–1510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-020-09751-9.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 10 • October 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 10, 2022
Accepted: May 17, 2023
Published online: Jul 24, 2023
Published in print: Oct 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Dec 24, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Computer programming
- Computer software
- Computing in civil engineering
- Engineering fundamentals
- Erosion
- Geology
- Geotechnical engineering
- Hydrologic models
- Meandering rivers and streams
- Model accuracy
- Models (by type)
- Physical models
- River bank stabilization
- River engineering
- Rivers and streams
- Simulation models
- Water and water resources
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.