Technical Papers
Nov 6, 2023

Evaluation of the Healing Performance of Hot-Mix Asphalt Containing Waste Steel Shavings under Different Microwave Induction Healing Cycles

Publication: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 150, Issue 1

Abstract

Increasing the temperature affects the healing potential of asphalt mixtures significantly. However, it can lead to overheating in some parts of the specimens and cause damage. Thus, the healing temperature should be decreased in order to reduce the risk of overheating, which can affect the healing performance adversely. This research aims to investigate the probability of local overheating in asphalt mixtures during the induction heating of the mixtures containing different percentages of waste steel shavings (WSS). The healing procedure of the mixtures was simulated by placing the fractured hot-mix asphalt samples in a microwave so that the fractured surfaces are healed and stuck together. The healing resistance was evaluated by conducting the fracture test on the healed specimens and comparing the results to those of the intact specimens. The results showed that increasing the healing temperature to more than 70°C and the existence of WSS additives increase the probability of overheating in asphalt mixtures. The results indicated that the intermittent heating is effective to reduce the risk of overheating. As the healing procedure accelerates when the temperature increases to more than the softening point, it is recommended that, during intermittent heating, the samples should be cooled down to the temperature of the softening point during the rest period so that the temperature of the sample does not fall below the softening point of the bitumen during healing. By doing this, in addition to reducing the risk of overheating, the healing performance improves without increasing energy consumption.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Acknowledgments

Author contributions: Hadi Alikhani: conceptualization, methodology, and writing for original draft and Manouchehr Latifi: conceptualization, supervision, and validation.

References

AASHTO. 2015. Standard method of test for determining the fracture energy of asphalt mixtures using the semicircular bend geometry (SCB). AASHTO TP 105-13. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2019. Resistance to degradation of small-size coarse aggregate by abrasion and impact in the Los Angeles machine. AASHTO T 96-02. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2022a. Standard method of test for soundness of aggregate by use of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate. AASHTO T 104. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2022b. Standard method of test for specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate. AASHTO T 85. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2022c. Standard method of test for specific gravity and absorption of fine aggregate. AASHTO T 84. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2022d. Standard method of test for specific gravity and density of semi-solid asphalt materials. AASHTO T 228. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2022e. Standard specification for superpave volumetric mix design. AASHTO M 323-13. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2022f. Standard practice for mixture conditioning of hot mix asphalt (HMA). AASHTO R30. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2022g. Standard practice for superpave volumetric design for asphalt mixtures. AASHTO R 35-22. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Ajam, H., B. Gómez-Meijide, I. Artamendi, and A. Garcia. 2018. “Mechanical and healing properties of asphalt mixes reinforced with different types of waste and commercial metal particles.” J. Cleaner Prod. 192 (Aug): 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.262.
Ajam, H., P. Lastra-Gonzalez, B. Gomez-Meijide, G. Airey, and A. Garcia. 2017. “Self-healing of dense asphalt concrete by two different approaches: Electromagnetic induction and infrared radiation.” J. Test. Eval. 45 (6): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20160612.
Alikhani, H., and M. Latifi. 2022. “Evaluation of the effect of waste steel shaving, damage severity and strain level on the healing behavior of asphalt mixtures at different damaging-healing cycles.” Constr. Build. Mater. 347 (Mar): 128514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128514.
Asadi, B., and N. Tabatabaee. 2022. “Alteration of initial and residual healing potential of asphalt binders due to aging, rejuvenation, and polymer modification.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 23 (May): 287–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2020.1826345.
ASTM. 2009. Standard specification for hot-mixed, hot-laid bituminous paving mixtures (withdrawn 2009). ASTM D3515-01. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2010. Standard test method for ductility of bituminous materials. ASTM D113-99. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017a. Standard test method for determining the percentage of fractured particles in coarse aggregate. ASTM D5821-13. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017b. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials. ASTM D5-97. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017c. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen (Ring-and-Ball apparatus). ASTM D36-95(2000)e1. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019. Standard test method for flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and elongated particles in coarse aggregate. ASTM D4791. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bazyleva, A. B., M. A. Hasan, M. Fulem, M. Becerra, and J. M. Shaw. 2010. “Bitumen and heavy oil rheological properties: Reconciliation with viscosity measurements.” J. Chem. Eng. Data 55 (3): 1389–1397. https://doi.org/10.1021/je900562u.
Bevacqua, M. T., T. Isernia, F. G. Praticò, and S. Zumbo. 2021. “A method for bottom-up cracks healing via selective and deep microwave heating.” Autom. Constr. 121 (Jan): 103426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103426.
Bommavaram, R. R., A. Bhasin, and D. N. Little. 2009. “Determining intrinsic healing properties of asphalt binders: Role of dynamic shear rheometer.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2126 (1): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.3141/2126-06.
Fan, S., H. Wang, H. Zhu, and W. Sun. 2018. “Evaluation of self-healing performance of asphalt concrete for low-temperature fracture using semicircular bending test.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (9): 04018218. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002426.
Gallego, J., M. A. del Val, V. Contreras, and A. Páez. 2013. “Heating asphalt mixtures with microwaves to promote self-healing.” Constr. Build. Mater. 42 (May): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.007.
Garcia, A., S. Salih, and B. Gómez-Meijide. 2020. “Optimum moment to heal cracks in asphalt roads by means electromagnetic induction.” Constr. Build. Mater. 238 (Mar): 117627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117627.
García, A., J. Norambuena-Contreras, M. Bueno, and M. N. Partl. 2014. Vol. 42 of Influence of steel wool fibers on the mechanical, termal, and healing properties of dense asphalt concrete, 1107–1118. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
García, A., J. Norambuena-Contreras, M. Bueno, and M. N. Partl. 2015. “Single and multiple healing of porous and dense asphalt concrete.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 26 (Mar): 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X14529029.
García, Á., E. Schlangen, M. van de Ven, and G. van Bochove. 2012. “Optimization of composition and mixing process of a self-healing porous asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 30 (May): 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.034.
Gómez-Meijide, B., H. Ajam, P. Lastra-González, and A. Garcia. 2016. “Effect of air voids content on asphalt self-healing via induction and infrared heating.” Constr. Build. Mater. 126 (Nov): 957–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.115.
Gómez-Meijide, B., H. Ajam, P. Lastra-González, and A. Garcia. 2018. “Effect of ageing and RAP content on the induction healing properties of asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 179 (Aug): 468–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.121.
González, A., J. Norambuena-Contreras, L. Storey, and E. Schlangen. 2018. “Self-healing properties of recycled asphalt mixtures containing metal waste: An approach through microwave radiation heating.” J. Environ. Manage. 214 (Apr): 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.001.
Karimi, M. M., S. Amani, H. Jahanbakhsh, B. Jahangiri, and A. H. Alavi. 2021. “Induced heating-healing of conductive asphalt concrete as a sustainable repairing technique: A review.” Cleaner Eng. Technol. 4 (Oct): 100188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100188.
Li, C., S. Wu, Z. Chen, G. Tao, and Y. Xiao. 2018. “Enhanced heat release and self-healing properties of steel slag filler based asphalt materials under microwave irradiation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 193 (Dec): 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.193.
Li, H., J. Yu, S. Wu, Q. Liu, B. Li, Y. Li, and Y. Wu. 2019. “Study on the gradient heating and healing behaviors of asphalt concrete induced by induction heating.” Constr. Build. Mater. 208 (May): 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.052.
Li, H., J. Yu, S. Wu, Q. Liu, Y. Wu, H. Xu, and Y. Li. 2020. “Effect of moisture conditioning on mechanical and healing properties of inductive asphalt concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 241 (Apr): 118139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118139.
Liang, B., L. Fang, K. Shi, G. Qian, Z. Liu, and J. Zheng. 2021. “Review on the self-healing of asphalt materials: Mechanism, affecting factors, assessments and improvements.” Constr. Build. Mater. 266 (Jan): 120453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120453.
Liu, K., D. Dai, C. Fu, W. Li, and S. Li. 2020. “Induction heating of asphalt mixtures with waste steel shavings.” Constr. Build. Mater. 234 (Feb): 117368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117368.
Liu, Q., Á. García, E. Schlangen, and M. van de Ven. 2011. “Induction healing of asphalt mastic and porous asphalt concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (9): 3746–3752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.016.
Liu, Q., E. Schlangen, M. van de Ven, G. van Bochove, and J. van Montfort. 2012. “Evaluation of the induction healing effect of porous asphalt concrete through four point bending fatigue test.” Constr. Build. Mater. 29 (Apr): 403–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.058.
Mehdinejad, S., H. Fazaeli, A. Moniri, and A. Sadat Dabiri. 2021. “Comparison of two criteria of stress intensity factor and fracture energy to investigate the behavior of asphalt mixtures under combined tensile-shear loading modes-A statistical approach.” Constr. Build. Mater. 290 (May): 123230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123230.
Moniri, A., H. Ziari, A. Amini, and M. Hajiloo. 2020. “Investigating the ANN model for cracking of HMA in terms of temperature, RAP and fibre content.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 23 (3): 545–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2020.1758935.
Norambuena-Contreras, J., and A. Garcia. 2016. “Self-healing of asphalt mixture by microwave and induction heating.” Mater. Des. 106 (May): 404–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.095.
Norambuena-Contreras, J., A. Gonzalez, J. L. Concha, I. Gonzalez-Torre, and E. Schlangen. 2018. “Effect of metallic waste addition on the electrical, thermophysical and microwave crack-healing properties of asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 187 (Oct): 1039–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.053.
Norambuena-Contreras, J., and I. Gonzalez-Torre. 2017. “Influence of the microwave heating time on the self-healing properties of asphalt mixtures.” Appl. Sci. 7 (10): 1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7101076.
Pan, C., P. Tang, M. Riara, L. Mo, M. Li, and M. Guo. 2018. “Effect of healing agents on crack healing of asphalt and asphalt mortar.” Materials 11 (8): 1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081373.
Pan, P., S. Wu, X. Hu, G. Liu, and B. Li. 2017. “Effect of material composition and environmental condition on thermal characteristics of conductive asphalt concrete.” Materials 10 (3): 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10030218.
Phan, T. M., D. W. Park, and T. H. M. Le. 2018. “Crack healing performance of hot mix asphalt containing steel slag by microwaves heating.” Constr. Build. Mater. 180 (Aug): 503–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.278.
Ren, J., and L. Sun. 2017. “Characterizing air void effect on fracture of asphalt concrete at low-temperature using discrete element method.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 170 (Feb): 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.11.030.
Riara, M., P. Tang, L. Mo, B. Javilla, and S. Wu. 2018. “Investigation into crack healing of asphalt mixtures using healing agents.” Constr. Build. Mater. 161 (Feb): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.074.
Sahebzamani, H., M. Z. Alavi, O. Farzaneh, and A. Moniri. 2022. “Laboratory and field investigation of the effect of polymerized pellets on the fatigue and low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 323 (Mar): 126527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126527.
Salih, S., B. Gómez-Meijide, M. Aboufoul, and A. Garcia. 2018. “Effect of porosity on infrared healing of fatigue damage in asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 167 (Apr): 716–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.065.
Srikant, S. S., P. S. Mukherjee, and R. B. Rao. 2013. “Prospects of microwave energy in material and mineral processing.” Turk. J. Eng. Environ. Sci. 2 (May): 23–31.
Sun, Y., S. Wu, Q. Liu, and Y. Xiao. 2015. “Promoting the dispersion of LDHs powder in bitumen with pre-dispersion and microwave heating.” Constr. Build. Mater. 93 (Mar): 416–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.012.
Sybilski, D. 1993. “Non-Newtonian viscosity of polymer-modified bitumens.” Mater. Struct. 26 (Jan): 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472233.
Tabaković, A., D. OPrey, D. McKenna, and D. Woodward. 2019. “Microwave self-healing technology as airfield porous asphalt friction course repair and maintenance system.” Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 10 (Jun): e00233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00233.
Varma, R., R. Balieu, and N. Kringos. 2021. “A state-of-the-art review on self-healing in asphalt materials: Mechanical testing and analysis approaches.” Constr. Build. Mater. 310 (Dec): 125197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125197.
Wang, H., X. Liu, G. Lu, and J. Yang. 2020. Accelerated healing in asphalt concrete via laboratory microwave heating. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Wang, H., J. Yang, H. Liao, and X. Chen. 2016. “Electrical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete containing conductive fibers and fillers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 122 (Sep): 184–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.063.
Xu, S., A. García, J. Su, Q. Liu, A. Tabaković, and E. Schlangen. 2018. “Self-healing asphalt review: From idea to practice.” Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5 (17): 1800536. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201800536.
Xu, S., X. Liu, A. Tabaković, and E. Schlangen. 2021. “Experimental investigation of the performance of a hybrid self-healing system in porous asphalt under fatigue loadings.” Materials 14 (12): 3415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123415.
Zhao, H., S. Zhong, X. Zhu, and H. Chen. 2017. “High-efficiency heating characteristics of ferrite-filled asphalt-based composites under microwave irradiation.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (6): 04017007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001845.
Ziari, H., A. Moniri, P. Bahri, and Y. Saghafi. 2019. “The effect of rejuvenators on the aging resistance of recycled asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 224 (Nov): 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.181.
Ziari, H., Y. Saghafi, A. Moniri, and P. Bahri. 2020. “The effect of polyolefin-aramid fibers on performance of hot mix asphalt.” Pet. Sci. Technol. 38 (3): 170–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2019.1697286.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 150Issue 1January 2024

History

Received: Apr 26, 2023
Accepted: Sep 11, 2023
Published online: Nov 6, 2023
Published in print: Jan 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Apr 6, 2024

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

ASCE Technical Topics:

Authors

Affiliations

Hadi Alikhani [email protected]
Ph.D. Scholar, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Univ. of Tehran, Tehran 1417954495, Iran (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]
Manouchehr Latifi [email protected]
Associate Professor, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Univ. of Tehran, Tehran 1417613131, Iran. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share