Fatigue Behavior in the Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-to-Concrete Bond by Cyclic Pull-Out Test: Experimental and Analytical Study
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 27, Issue 4
Abstract
Today’s construction industry has been more inclined to apply innovative rehabilitation techniques, including externally bonded (EB) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites on existing RC structures, rather than traditional strengthening methods. Indeed, the higher fatigue resistance of carbon FRPs (CFRPs) has made them superior strengthening tools for structures subjected to fatigue loading, such as RC bridge girders against daily traffic loads. However, the performance of RC structures retrofitted with EB–CFRP composites can be highly influenced by the bonding mechanism at the CFRP-to-concrete interface. The occurrence of debonding failure at the CFRP-to-concrete interface can result in premature failure of the EB–CFRP retrofitting system, thereby leading to rupture of the deficient structure. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the bond behavior, especially under fatigue loading, would contribute to improving the efficiency of EB–CFRP strengthening techniques. To this end, in this work, we investigated the bond fatigue behavior through an experimental study. The parameters of CFRP composite type (laminate vs. fabric sheet), bond length, and CFRP-to-concrete width ratio were considered herein in order to examine their effectiveness on fatigue bond performance at the CFRP-to-concrete interface. The research results revealed that the CFRP composite system composed of the fabric sheet CFRP and the corresponding epoxy adhesive performed better than the CFRP-bonded joint with laminate CFRP in terms of fatigue life and residual load-carrying capacity. Furthermore, a modified bond fatigue-life model (S–N model), validated with existing research data, was proposed that successfully takes into consideration the effects of fatigue loading, concrete compressive strength, and CFRP-to-concrete width ratio.
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Acknowledgments
Financial support, through operating grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Fonds de Recherche du Québec – Nature et Technologie (FRQNT), is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Sika-Canada, Inc. (Pointe-Claire, QC) for contributing to the cost of the materials. The efficient collaboration of J. Auger and J. Lescelleur (Senior Technicians) in conducting the tests at the École de Technologie Supérieure is also acknowledged.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- a
- endurance limit of FRP-to-concrete bond corresponding to 2 million load cycles;
- bc
- concrete width;
- bf
- FRP width;
- Ef
- FRP elastic modulus;
- compressive strength of concrete cylinder;
- fcu
- compressive strength of concrete cube;
- ff
- FRP tensile strength;
- Lb
- FRP bonded length;
- Nb
- predicted fatigue life of FRP-to-concrete bond;
- Nf
- experimental fatigue life of FRP-to-concrete bond;
- Nmax
- maximum number of load cycles (Nmax = 2 million);
- n
- number of load cycles;
- Pmax
- upper limit of cyclic loading;
- Pmin
- lower limit of cyclic loading;
- Pult
- ultimate load-carrying capacity of specimen (under monotonic loading);
- Pult,1
- calibrated monotonic ultimate load-carrying capacity of specimen;
- Pult,2
- postfatigue monotonic ultimate load-carrying capacity of specimen;
- S
- relative cyclic load amplitude;
- Sa
- relative mean cyclic load;
- si
- bond slip at each load cycle;
- tf
- FRP thickness;
- xi
- distance of strain gauge from the free end of the FRP;
- strain measured by the strain gauge on the FRP;
- strain at the free end of the FRP;
- τi
- local bond stress at each load cycle; and
- τm,peak
- maximum peak bond stress during cyclic loading.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 27 • Issue 4 • August 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 11, 2022
Accepted: Mar 30, 2023
Published online: May 19, 2023
Published in print: Aug 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Oct 19, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Bonding
- Carbon fibers
- Concrete
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Fatigue (material)
- Fatigue tests
- Fiber reinforced polymer
- Fibers
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Materials processing
- Polymer
- Pullout behavior
- Reinforced concrete
- Soil dynamics
- Soil mechanics
- Synthetic materials
- Uplifting behavior
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