Bond between Sand-Coated GFRP Bars and Normal-Strength, Self-Compacting, and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete under Seawater and Alkaline Solution
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 27, Issue 1
Abstract
Bond durability between fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and concrete is a significant point of concern with respect to structural integrity, performance, and retrofit purposes. This experimental study addresses the bond durability of glass-FRP (GFRP) bars embedded in different concretes after exposure to harsh environmental conditions (i.e., seawater and an alkaline solution at 60° C). A total of 54 beam specimens of self-compacting, fiber-reinforced, and normal concretes were constructed, conditioned, and tested under flexural pullout according to RILEM provisions, which simulate the reinforcement behavior as a structural element in buildings. Sand-coated GFRP bars and steel bars were used to reinforce concrete beams. The obtained results demonstrated that the bond strength of beams with sand-coated GFRP bars decreased less after exposure to seawater in comparison with alkaline solution. However, the converse outcome was found for beams with steel bars. In addition to the reinforcing bars, the type of concrete was found to be effective in the bond durability of beams with both GFRP and steel bars under aggressive environments. Generally, the higher the density and strength, and the lower the permeability, the greater the bond strength and less its reduction.
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Acknowledgments
The support of Dr. Asghar Vatani Oskouei in terms of providing the materials, technical advice, and resources is greatly acknowledged.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- A
- alkaline solution;
- A
- length of one concrete block in the flexural bond test;
- Ab
- bar cross-sectional area;
- Apeak
- area under the load–slip curve up to Speak;
- B
- distance between two supports;
- C
- concrete beam height;
- Ca++
- calcium;
- Ca(OH)2
- calcium hydroxide;
- D
- distance from the top surface of the beam to the center of the bar;
- E
- distance from the end of the beam to center of the loading nose;
- db
- bar nominal diameter;
- F
- force applied by the machine; half of the debonded length for one side of the beam;
- concrete compressive strength;
- fs
- ultimate stress;
- G
- distance from the centroid of the compressive force to the center of the bar;
- G
- glass-fiber–reinforced polymer;
- H
- distance between the two loading noses;
- J
- beam width;
- K
- distance from the top surface of the beam to the centroid of the compressive force;
- KOH
- potassium hydroxide;
- le
- embedment length;
- MO
- moment about the beam hinge;
- NaOH
- sodium hydroxide;
- NC
- normal concrete;
- OH−
- hydroxide;
- P
- bar load;
- Pmax
- bar peak load;
- R
- bond strength retention;
- S
- seawater, steel, or average bond stress;
- SL
- slip corresponds to τ;
- Speak
- slip corresponds to the peak load;
- U
- unconditioned; and
- τ
- bond strength.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 27 • Issue 1 • February 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 1, 2022
Accepted: Sep 15, 2022
Published online: Nov 9, 2022
Published in print: Feb 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Apr 9, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Bars (structure)
- Beams
- Bonding
- Concrete
- Concrete beams
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Fiber reinforced concrete
- Fiber reinforced polymer
- Fibers
- Glass fibers
- Materials engineering
- Materials processing
- Polymer
- Sea water
- Structural engineering
- Structural members
- Structural systems
- Synthetic materials
- Water (by type)
- Water and water resources
- Water management
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