Titanium Seismic Substructure Retrofit to Enable Rocking of Bridge Foundations Considering Soil–Structure Interaction: Experiments and Numerical Simulations
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 2
Abstract
The cyclic performance of substandard reinforced concrete (RC) bridge substructures seismically retrofitted using titanium alloy bars (TiABs) is assessed using full-scale experiments and nonlinear numerical models. The retrofit technique uses TiAB ligaments to simply and effectively strengthen columns with inadequate flexural lap splices and provides confinement through hoop action when combined with continuous TiAB spirals. The failure characteristics, flexural ductility, and hysteretic behavior of unretrofitted substandard (i.e., vintage) and TiAB retrofitted columns were evaluated using quasi-static, reversed cyclic tests of full-scale bridge column–footing specimens modeled after the characteristics of highway bridges in Oregon constructed prior to the introduction of seismic design provisions. Foundation rocking was examined and quantified through implementation of a soil subgrade simulant. Experimental results demonstrate improved flexural response and ductility with reduced concrete damage and residual drifts of RC columns when retrofitted with TiAB. The measured responses of the test specimens were used to calibrate three-dimensional (3D), nonlinear, finite-difference models used to investigate the effect of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the rocking moment capacity for as-built and retrofitted column–footing specimens. The model was then used to perform a parametric study to evaluate retrofit details (flexural strength and stiffness) and soil characteristics (strength and stiffness) and their relationships to engineering demand parameters such as displacement and strength, which indicated that incorporation of SSI will permit the design of more efficient and economical seismic retrofits.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by SPR 784 and SPR 830 funded by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT); this support is gratefully acknowledged. The third author thanks Professor Bruce Kutter for helpful discussions on the topic of rocking foundations. The contents of this paper reflect the opinion of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Oregon Department of Transportation.
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Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 28 • Issue 2 • February 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 28, 2022
Accepted: Sep 21, 2022
Published online: Dec 6, 2022
Published in print: Feb 1, 2023
Discussion open until: May 6, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Bridge engineering
- Bridge foundations
- Bridge tests
- Bridges
- Bridges (by material)
- Caissons
- Concrete
- Concrete bridges
- Construction engineering
- Construction methods
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Field tests
- Flexural strength
- Foundations
- Geotechnical engineering
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Models (by type)
- Numerical models
- Rehabilitation
- Reinforced concrete
- Seismic tests
- Strength of materials
- Structural engineering
- Tests (by type)
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