Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller Design Using a High-Gain Observer for a Nonlinear Aeroelastic System under Unsteady Aerodynamics
Publication: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 37, Issue 6
Abstract
In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller utilizing a high-gain observer is proposed to address the aeroelastic instabilities of a novel nonlinear aircraft wing section under unsteady aerodynamics. The controller is designed to effectively mitigate high amplitude oscillations that arise in the system and enable aircraft to operate within an extended flight envelope. Additionally, the proposed controller utilizes output feedback to estimate the states and nonlinear dynamics of the model. The two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) nonlinear aeroelastic system describes the pitch and plunge motions of the wing section equipped with trailing and leading edge control surfaces. The resulting aeroelastic model, including the structural stiffness nonlinearities and the unsteady aerodynamic model, is based on Wagner’s indicial function. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested controller in suppressing the flutter phenomenon and improving the flight speed range. Further, the proposed controller accurately estimates the states of the model and successfully drives them to the origin despite the presence of disturbances and uncertainties.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Ang, E. H. W., D. J. Leo, J. K. Tan, J. C. M. Tay, Y. Cui, and B. F. Ng. 2024. “Wind tunnel experiments of bending-torsion and body-freedom flutter on flying wing unmanned aerial vehicles.” Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 144 (Jan): 108–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108798.
Behal, A., V. M. Rao, P. Marzocca, and M. Kamaludeen. 2006. “Adaptive control for a nonlinear wing section with multiple flaps.” J. Guidance Control Dyn. 29 (3): 744–749. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.18182.
Bouma, A., W. Yossri, R. Vasconcellos, and A. Abdelkefi. 2022. “Investigations on the interactions between structural and aerodynamic nonlinearities and unsteadiness for aeroelastic systems.” Nonlinear Dyn. 107 (Jan): 331–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-021-07011-z.
Chai, Y., W. Gao, B. Ankay, F. Li, and C. Zhang. 2021. “Aeroelastic analysis and flutter control of wings and panels: A review.” Int. J. Mech. Syst. Dyn. 1 (1): 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/msd2.12015.
Chen, C. L., C. C. Peng, and H. T. Yau. 2012. “High-order sliding mode controller with backstepping design for aeroelastic systems.” Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 17 (4): 1813–1823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2011.09.011.
Dilmi, S. 2022. “Enhancing flight envelope for a nonlinear aeroelastic wing-section using adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control law.” J. Aerosp. Eng. 35 (3): 04022009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0001401.
Dilmi, S., and B. Bouzouia. 2016. “Improving performance for nonlinear aeroelastic systems via sliding mode controller.” Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 41 (Sep): 3739–3748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2113-7.
Hussein, O. S. 2023. “Aeroelastic analysis of membrane airfoils and flexible-chord airfoils with trailing-edge flaps.” Acta Mech. 234 (9): 4487–4508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-023-03618-y.
Khalil, H. K. 2017. High-gain observers in nonlinear feedback control. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Kuznetsov, N. V., B. Andrievsky, I. Zaitceva, E. V. Kudryashova, and O. A. Kuznetsova. 2022. “Adaptive suppression of wing flutter under actuator saturation and time sampling.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 55 (12): 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.392.
Lee, B. H. K., S. J. Price, and Y. S. Wong. 1999. “Nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of airfoils: Bifurcation and chaos.” Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 35 (3): 205–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-0421(98)00015-3.
Lee, K. W., and S. N. Singh. 2014. “Robust higher-order sliding-mode finite-time control of aeroelastic systems.” J. Guidance Control Dyn. 37 (5): 1664–1671. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.G000456.
Li, D., J. Xiang, and S. Guo. 2011. “Adaptive control of a nonlinear aeroelastic system.” Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 15 (5): 343–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2010.08.006.
Lin, C. M., and W. L. Chin. 2006. “Adaptive decoupled fuzzy sliding-mode control of a nonlinear aeroelastic system.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 29 (1): 206–209. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.17152.
Lin, C. M., and C. F. Hsu. 2002. “Hybrid fuzzy sliding-mode control of an aeroelastic system.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 25 (4): 829–832. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.4955.
Liu, J. 2018. Intelligent control design and MATLAB simulation. Beijing: Springer.
Liu, J., and X. Wang. 2012. Advanced sliding mode control for mechanical systems. Beijing: Springer.
Livne, E. 2018. “Aircraft active flutter suppression: State of the art and technology maturation needs.” J. Aircraft. 55 (1): 410–452. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C034442.
Paracheerivilakkathil, M. S., J. S. Pilakkadan, R. M. Ajaj, M. Amoozgar, D. Asadi, Y. Zweiri, and M. I. Friswell. 2024. “A review of control strategies used for morphing aircraft applications.” Chin. J. Aeronaut. 37 (4): 436–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2023.12.035.
Platanitis, G., and T. W. Strganac. 2004. “Control of a nonlinear wing section using leading-and trailing-edge surfaces.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 27 (1): 52–58. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.9284.
Ribeiro, A. F., D. Casalino, and C. Ferreira. 2023. “Free wake panel method simulations of a highly flexible wing in flutter and gusts.” J. Fluids Struct. 121 (Aug): 103955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2023.103955.
Sivanandi, P., C. Gupta, and H. Durai. 2023. “A review on evolution of aeroelastic assisted wing.” Int. J. Aeronaut. Space Sci. 24 (3): 652–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-023-00583-7.
Slotine, J., and W. Li. 1991. Applied nonlinear control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Song, Z., and H. Li. 2013. “Second-order sliding mode control with backstepping for aeroelastic systems based on finite-time technique.” Int. J. Control Autom. Syst. 11 (2): 416–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-012-0196-9.
Tang, D., L. Chen, Z. F. Tian, and E. Hu. 2021. “A neural network approach for improving airfoil active flutter suppression under control-input constraints.” J. Vib. Control 27 (3–4): 451–467. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546320929153.
Tewari, A. 2016. Adaptive aeroservoelastic control. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Utkin, V. I., J. Guldner, and J. Shi. 1999. Sliding mode control in electromechanical systems. London: Taylor & Francis.
Wang, L. X. 1996. A course in fuzzy systems and control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall International.
Wang, Z., A. Behal, and P. Marzocca. 2010. “Adaptive and robust aeroelastic control of nonlinear lifting surfaces with single/multiple control surfaces: A review.” Int. J. Aeronaut. Space Sci. 11 (4): 285–302. https://doi.org/10.5139/IJASS.2010.11.4.285.
Wang, Z., A. Behal, and P. Marzocca. 2011. “Model-free control design for multi-input multi-output aeroelastic system subject to external disturbance.” J. Guidance Control Dyn. 34 (2): 448–558. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.51403.
Wang, Z., A. Behal, and P. Marzocca. 2012. “Continuous robust control for two-dimensional airfoils with leading-and trailing-edge flaps.” J. Guid. Control Dyn. 35 (2): 510–519. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.54347.
Xu, X. Z., W. X. Wu, and W. G. Zhang. 2018. “Sliding mode control for a nonlinear aeroelastic system through backstepping.” J. Aerosp. Eng. 31 (1): 04017080. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000790.
Zhang, B., J. L. Han, H. W. Yun, and X. M. Chen. 2022. “Fuzzy control of nonlinear aeroelastic system based on neural network identification.” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part G: J. Aerosp. Eng. 236 (2): 254–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544100211010963.
Zhang, H., and D. Liu. 2006. Fuzzy modeling and fuzzy control. Boston: Birkhauser.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 37 • Issue 6 • November 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 3, 2023
Accepted: Jun 18, 2024
Published online: Sep 13, 2024
Published in print: Nov 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Feb 13, 2025
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.