Strength and Kaolin Nucleation in Biotreated Coarse Sand
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 24, Issue 5
Abstract
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an effective method for stabilizing sandy soil. However, this method is not effective for coarse sands. A kaolin-nucleating method was proposed in this study to improve the biotreatment of coarse sands. We comprehensively studied the effect of the kaolin concentration, the volume ratio of the bacterial solution to the cementation solution, the grouting interval between two slurry injections, and the bacterial density on the compressive strength of biotreated coarse sands. We found that the kaolin concentration and the bacterial density are positive factors for enhancing the compressive strength and there are also suitable values for the volume ratio of the bacterial solution to the cementation solution and the grouting interval to improve the biotreatment when other factors are specified. Interestingly, the biotreated condition for the specimen with the maximum strength was identical to that with the maximum ratio of the precipitate volume to the specimen void but different from that with the maximum calcium carbonate content.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and codes generated or used during the study appear in the published article. The detailed calculations on the fitting results, the additional test data on the mineral compositions of biotreated sands using the thermal gravity analysis, the detailed method for the determination of the kaolin content and calcium carbonate content, the scanning electron microscopy images of biotreated sands, and the optical images during the compressive strength tests are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51922024 and 52078085) and the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China (Grant No. cstc2019jcyjjqX0014). The authors thank Mr. Y. Zhang for assisting in the preparation of clay, sand, bacteria, and cementation solution, the biotreatment of specimens, and compressive strength tests. In addition, the authors appreciate the thoughtful help from Dr. H. Wu during the preparation of the text. Finally, the valuable suggestions by Dr. J. Shi in discussions of the test results and the potential application in fields are also acknowledged.
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International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 24 • Issue 5 • May 2024
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© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Apr 20, 2023
Accepted: Oct 30, 2023
Published online: Feb 20, 2024
Published in print: May 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Jul 20, 2024
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