Characteristics of Stress Memory and Acoustic Emission for Siltstone under Different Previous Stresses
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 24, Issue 3
Abstract
A stepped cyclic loading test was designed to investigate the stress memory and acoustic emission characteristics of siltstone under different previous stress levels. This study aims to improve the applicability of the acoustic emission in situ stress measurement method in porous weak cementation strata. The stress memory failure range for siltstone and the memory stress correction formula were determined based on characteristic stress value. The analysis of acoustic emission characteristics revealed the failure mechanism of the Kaiser effect of siltstone, and the following conclusions were obtained. Crack initiation stress can serve as the failure criterion for the stress memory effect in siltstone. Therefore, the failure range for the stress memory effect in siltstone can be defined as a previous stress of less than 15.3 MPa and a memory stress of less than 13.7 MPa. The pore compaction process in siltstone and the friction-generated acoustic emission signal during this process negatively affect stress memory. The primary cause of the stress memory effect in rocks is the irreversible development of new internal cracks. The compression rebound effect of primary soft pores in siltstone mainly causes the Kaiser effect to fail. The compression rebound effect of primary soft pores in siltstone is the main reason for the failure of the Kaiser effect.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U2034206, 51974014, and 51574014) and the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2022YFC3004601).
References
Ban, Y. X., X. Fu, Q. Xie, and J. Duan. 2020. “Time-sensitivity mechanism of rock stress memory properties under tensile stress.” J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 12 (3): 528–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2019.12.012.
Bhuiyan, M. Y., and V. Giurgiutiu. 2018. “The signatures of acoustic emission waveforms from fatigue crack advancing in thin metallic plates.” Smart Mater. Struct. 27 (1): 015019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa9bc2.
Cai, M. F., and E. T. Brown. 2017. “Challenges in the mining and utilization of deep mineral resources.” Engineering 3 (4): 432–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.027.
Chang, S. H., and C. I. Lee. 2004. “Estimation of cracking and damage mechanisms in rock under triaxial compression by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 41 (7): 1069–1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.04.006.
Chen, H. H., L. Li, J. P. Li, and D. Sun. 2022. “A generic analytical elastic solution for excavation responses of an arbitrarily shaped deep opening under biaxial in situ stresses.” Int. J. Geomech. 22 (4): 04022023. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002335.
Chen, Y. L., and M. Irfan. 2018. “Experimental study of Kaiser effect under cyclic compression and tension tests.” Geomech. Eng. 14 (2): 203–209.
Chen, Y. L., and Y. Zhang. 2018. “Influence of loading rate on the Kaiser effect for different lithological rocks.” J. China Coal Soc. 43 (4): 959–966.
Daoud, A., J. Browning, P. G. Meredith, and T. M. Mitchell. 2020. “Microstructural controls on thermal crack damage and the presence of a temperature-memory effect during cyclic thermal stressing of rocks.” Geophys. Res. Lett. 47 (19): e2020GL088693. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088693.
David, E. C., and R. W. Zimmerman. 2012. “Pore structure model for elastic wave velocities in fluid-saturated sandstones.” J. Geophys. Res. 117 (B7): 117. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009195.
Dexing, L., W. Enyuan, K. Xiangguo, J. Haishan, W. Dongming, and A. Muhammad. 2019. “Damage precursor of construction rocks under uniaxial cyclic loading tests analyzed by acoustic emission.” Constr. Build. Mater. 206: 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.074.
Dong, L. J., Y. H. Zhang, S. J. Bi, J. Ma, Y. H. Yan, and H. Cao. 2023. “Uncertainty investigation for the classification of rock micro-fracture types using acoustic emission parameters.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 162: 105292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2022.105292.
Duan, M. K., C. B. Jiang, Q. Gan, M. H. Li, K. Peng, and W. Z. Zhang. 2020. “Experimental investigation on the permeability, acoustic emission and energy dissipation of coal under tiered cyclic unloading.” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 73: 103054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2019.103054.
Eloranta, P., and M. Hakala. 1999. Laboratory testing of Hästholmen equigranular rapakivi granite in borehole HH-KR6, 117–126. Helsinki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Rep.
Fan, X. Y., B. W. Yao, Q. G. Zhang, and H. Q. Xia. 2022. “Study on the calculated method of horizontal in-situ stress based on the Kaiser stress point predicted by acoustic signal.” J. Southwest Pet. Univ. Sci. Technol. Ed. 44 (2): 40–48.
Fu, X. 2016. Acoustic emission test and theoretical research on the stress memory characteristics of rock. Chongqing: Chongqing Univ.
Fu, X., Y. X. Ban, Q. Xie, R. A. Abdullah, and J. Duan. 2021. “Time delay mechanism of the Kaiser effect in sandstone under uniaxial compressive stress conditions.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 54 (3): 1091–1108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02310-0.
Gajst, H., E. Shalev, R. Weinberger, S. Marco, W. Zh, and V. Lyakhovsky. 2020. “Relating strain localization and Kaiser effect to yield surface evolution in brittle rocks.” Geophys. J. Int. 221 (3): 2091–2103. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa130.
Ge, Z. L., Q. Sun, Q. Gao, D. L. Li, Y. L. Zhang, and H. Huang. 2022. “Thermoacoustic emission characteristics and real-time damage evolution in shales of the lower Palaeozoic Niutitang formation.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 157: 105175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2022.105175.
Goodman, R. E. 1963. “Subaudible noise during compression of rocks.” Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 74 (4): 487–490. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[487:SNDCOR]2.0.CO;2.
Hakala, M., and E. Heikkila. 1997. Laboratory testing of Olkiluoto mica gneiss in borehole OL-KR10, 166–219. Helsinki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Rep.
Hao, J. W., L. Qiao, and Q. W. Li. 2022. “Study on cross-scale pores fractal characteristics of granite after high temperature and rock failure precursor under uniaxial compression.” Powder Technol. 401: 117330.
Heap, M. J., S. Vinciguerra, and P. G. Meredith. 2009. “The evolution of elastic moduli with increasing crack damage during cyclic stressing of a basalt from Mt. Etna volcano.” Tectonophysics 471 (1-2): 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.10.004.
Heikkila, E., and M. Hakala. 1998. Laboratory testing of Kivetty granite in borehole KI-KR10, 97–106. Helsinki, Finland: Posiva Oy. Working Rep.
Kaiser, E. J. 1959. A study of acoustic phenomena in tensile tests. Munich, Germany: Technische Hochschule München.
Li, P. F., G. S. Su, H. J. Xu, and B. G. He. 2023. “Quantitative detection of damage processes in granite by sound signals.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 164: 105356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2023.105356.
Li, S. L., M. J. Zhou, Z. P. Gao, D. X. Chen, J. L. Zhang, and J. Y. Hu. 2019. “Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics before the peak strength of rocks under incrementally cyclic loading–unloading methods.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 38 (4): 724–735.
Li, X. B., J. Z. Chen, C. D. Ma, L. Q. Huang, C. J. Li, J. Zhang, and Y. Z. Zhao. 2022. “A novel in-situ stress measurement method incorporating non-oriented core ground re-orientation and acoustic emission: A case study of a deep borehole.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 152: 105079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2022.105079.
Liu, H. T., and T. Qin. 2019. “Study on damage characteristics and acoustic emission Kaiser effect of sandstone under cyclic loading and unloading conditions.” Coal Sci. Technol. 47 (6): 73–80.
Liu, X. H., Y. Zheng, J. Y. Guo, Q. J. Hao, and Y. Xue. 2022. “Deformation and failure characteristics of loading and unloading rock based on volume crack strain.” Front. Earth Sci. 10: 911823. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.911823.
Martin, C. D., and N. A. Chandler. 1994. “The progressive fracture of Lac du Bonnet granite.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech Abstr. 31 (6): 643–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(94)90005-1.
Meng, Q. B., Y. L. Chen, M. W. Zhang, L. J. Han, H. Pu, and J. F. Liu. 2019. “On the Kaiser effect of rock under cyclic loading and unloading conditions: Insights from acoustic emission monitoring.” Energies 12 (17): 3255. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12173255.
Meng, Q. B., M. W. Zhang, L. J. Han, H. Pu, and Y. L. Chen. 2018. “Acoustic emission characteristics of red sandstone specimens under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading compression.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 51 (4): 969–988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1389-6.
Miao, S. J., H. Wang, P. J. Yang, and Y. X. Wang. 2021. “Effect of cyclic loading near fatigue strength on mechanical properties of argillaceous quartz siltstone.” Rock Soil Mech. 42 (8): 2109–2119.
Miao, S. J., P. J. Yang, Z. J. Huang, H. Wang, and M. C. Liang. 2023. “Effects of confining pressure on failure mechanism of porous and weakly cemented rock and compaction-damage constitutive model.” J. China Univ. Min. Technol. 52 (2): 229–240.
Michihiro, K., T. Fujiwara, and H. Yoshioka. 1985. “Study on estimating geostresses by the Kaiser effect of AE.” In Proc., 26th U.S. Symp. on Rock Mechanics. Lubbock, TX: American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA).
Panteleev, I. A., V. A. Mubassarova, A. V. Zaitsev, N. I. Shevtsov, Y. F. Kovalenko, and V. I. Karev. 2020. “Kaiser effect in sandstone in polyaxial compression with multistage rotation of an assigned stress ellipsoid.” J. Min. Sci. 56 (3): 370–377. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739120036653.
Pellet, F. L., M. Keshavarz, and H. K. Amini. 2011. “Mechanical damage of a crystalline rock having experienced ultra high deviatoric stress up to 1.7 GPa.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 48 (8): 1364–1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.09.006.
Singh, A., C. Kumar, L. G. Kannan, K. S. Rao, and R. Ayothiraman. 2018. “Estimation of creep parameters of rock salt from uniaxial compression tests.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 107: 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.04.037.
Srinivasan, V., T. Gupta, T. A. Ansari, and T. N. Singh. 2020. “An experimental study on rock damage and its influence in rock stress memory in a metamorphic rock.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 79 (8): 4335–4348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01813-y.
Tang J. H., X. D. Chen, F. Dai, and W. D. Wei. 2020. “Experimental investigation of fracture damage of notched granite beams under cyclic loading using DIC and AE techniques.” Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 43 (7): 1583–1596. https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.13253.
Tuncay, E., and R. Ulusay. 2008. “Relation between Kaiser effect levels and pre-stresses applied in the laboratory.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 45 (4): 524–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007.07.013.
Wang, J., J. T. Li, Z. M. Shi, and J. C. Chen. 2022. “Fatigue damage and fracture evolution characteristics of sandstone under multistage intermittent cyclic loading.” Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 119: 103375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103375.
Xu, Z. H., M. J. Zheng, Z. H. Liu, J. X. Deng, X. Z. Li, W. Guo, J. Li, N. Wang, X. W. Zhang, and X. L. Guo. 2020. “Petrophysical properties of deep Longmaxi formation shales in the southern Sichuan Basin, SW China.” Pet. Explor. Dev. 47 (6): 1100–1110.
Yang, X. B., X. X. Han, E. L. Liu, Z. P. Zhang, and X. Y. Wang. 2018. “Experimental study on the acoustic emission characteristics of non-uniform deformation evolution of granite under cyclic loading and unloading test.” Rock Soil Mech. 39 (8): 2732–2739.
Zhang, J. C., X. Fan, Z. W. Huang, Z. Q. Liu, Z. H. Fan, and L. Liu. 2023. “In situ stress determination in isotropic and anisotropic rocks and its application to a naturally fractured reservoir.” Geomech. Geophys. Geo-Energy Geo-Resour. 9 (1): 51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-023-00584-6.
Zhang, W. Q., Z. Q. Wang, Y. Du, S. T. Zhang, Z. J. Shi, and F. J. Li. 2022. “Effect of high temperature on pore characteristics, yield stress, and deformation property of sandstone.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 81 (1): 43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02522-w.
Zhang, X. P., G. G. Lv, Q. Zhang, Q. S. Liu, W. W. Li, and J. L. Xu. 2020. “Uniaxial compression test for three stress thresholds of siliceous siltstone.” J. Eng. Geol. 28 (3): 441–449.
Zhao, K., H. L. Ma, C. H. Yang, and J. J. K. Daemen. 2022. “The role of prior creep duration on the acoustic emission characteristics of rock salt under cyclic loading.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 157: 105166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2022.105166.
Zhu, X., J. Fan, C. L. He, and Y. Tang. 2022. “Identification of crack initiation and damage thresholds in sandstone using 3D digital image correlation.” Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 122: 103653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103653.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 24 • Issue 3 • March 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 14, 2023
Accepted: Sep 22, 2023
Published online: Jan 12, 2024
Published in print: Mar 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Jun 12, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.