Anatomy of Critical State Constitutive Models: Simulating Undrained Failure of K0-Consolidated Soils
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 12
Abstract
Different features, such as rotational hardening and nonassociated flow, have been added to the classic modified cam-clay (MCC) model. However, there is little knowledge about their role and importance in simulating in situ soils. This study examined the effects of rotational hardening and associated/nonassociated flow on modeling the undrained shear strength of K0-consolidated clays. For this purpose, three types of rate-independent models were chosen: MCC, MCC with rotational hardening and associated flow (RAMCC), and MCC with rotational hardening and nonassociated flow (RNMCC). The capabilities of the three models in reproducing the K0 state were first discussed. Then, by proposing a dummy yield surface to account for the effect of rotational hardening, an analytical solution to predict soil undrained shear strength su directly from the K0 state was established. The predicted su values were examined against available T-bar data. Results showed that only RNMCC is able to produce a reasonable match no matter the over stress ratio (OCR) profile, while both MCC and RAMCC show overestimation, which increases with increasing OCR.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research is supported by the University Grants Committee (15217220, N_PolyU534/20) at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The authors highly appreciate the kind discussions from Associated Professor Yinghui Tian, Dr. Bo Liu, and Dr. Zhechen Hou.
References
Acosta-Martinez, H. E., S. Gourvenec, and M. F. Randolph. 2012. “Centrifuge study of capacity of a skirted foundation under eccentric transient and sustained uplift.” Géotechnique 62 (4): 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.9.P.027.
Chow, S. H., C. D. O'Loughlin, and M. F. Randolph. 2014. “Soil strength estimation and pore pressure dissipation for free-fall piezocone in soft clay.” Géotechnique 64 (10): 817–827. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.14.P.107.
Dafalias, Y. F., and M. Taiebat. 2013. “Anatomy of rotational hardening in clay plasticity.” Géotechnique 63 (16): 1406–1418. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.P.197.
Dafalias, Y. F. 1986a. “An anisotropic critical state soil plasticity model.” Mech. Res. Commun. 13 (6): 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-6413(86)90047-9.
Dafalias, Y. F. 1986b. “Bounding surface plasticity. I: Mathematical foundation and hypoplasticity.” J. Eng. Mech. 112 (9): 966–987. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1986)112:9(966).
Dafalias, Y. F., M. T. Manzari, and A. G. Papadimitriou. 2006. “SANICLAY: Simple anisotropic clay plasticity model.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 30 (12): 1231–1257. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.524.
Einav, I., and M. F. Randolph. 2005. “Combining upper bound and strain path methods for evaluating penetration resistance.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 63 (14): 1991–2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1350.
Gaudin, C., K. H. Tham, and S. Ouahsine. 2008. “Plate anchor failure mechanism during keying process.” In Proc. 18th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf., 613–620. Mountain View, CA: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).
Gens, A. 1982. Stress–strain and strength of a low plasticity clay. London: Imperial College, London Univ.
Gens, A., and D. Potts. 1988. “Critical state models in computational geomechanics.” Eng. Comput. 5 (3): 178–197. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb023736.
Han, C. 2016. Performance of plate anchors under sustained loading. Perth, Australia: The University of Western Australia.
Hodder, M. S., D. J. White, and M. J. Cassidy. 2010. “Analysis of soil strength degradation during episodes of cyclic loading, illustrated by the T-Bar penetration test.” Int. J. Geomech. 10 (3): 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000041.
Hou, Z. 2020. Changing soil strength and stiffness during pipe-soil interaction at the touch down zone. Perth, Australia: The University of Western Australia.
Hu, H. J. E., C. F. Leung, Y. K. Chow, and A. C. Palmer. 2011. “Centrifuge modelling of SCR vertical motion at touchdown zone.” Ocean Eng. 38 (7): 888–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.12.002.
Jaky, J. 1944. “The coefficient of earth pressure at rest.” J. Soc. Hungarian Arch. Eng. 78 (22): 355–358.
Kamei, T., and A. Nakase. 1989. “Undrained shear strength anisotropy of K0-overconsolidated cohesive soils.” Soils Found. 29 (3): 145–151. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.29.3_145.
Ladd, C. C. 1991. “Stability evaluation during staged construction.” J. Geotech. Eng. 117 (4): 540–615. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:4(540).
Li, X. 2015. The uplift of offshore shallow foundations. Perth, Australia: The University of Western Australia.
Li, X., C. Gaudin, Y. Tian, and M. J. Cassidy. 2015. “Effects of preloading and consolidation on the uplift capacity of skirted foundations.” Géotechnique 65 (12): 1010–1022. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.15.P.026.
Low, H. E., T. Lunne, K. H. Andersen, M. A. Sjursen, X. Li, and M. F. Randolph. 2010. “Estimation of intact and remoulded undrained shear strengths from penetration tests in soft clays.” Géotechnique 60 (11): 843–859. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.9.P.017.
Lu, Q., M. F. Randolph, Y. Hu, and I. C. Bugarski. 2004. “A numerical study of cone penetration in clay.” Géotechnique 54 (4): 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2004.54.4.257.
Mayne, P. W., and F. H. Kulhawy. 1982. “K0–OCR relationships in soil.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. 108 (6): 851–872.
Nakase, A., and T. Kamei. 1983. “Undrained shear strength anisotropy of normally consolidated cohesive soils.” Soils Found. 23 (1): 91–101. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.23.91.
Newson, T. A., and M. C. R. Davies. 1996. “A rotational hardening constitutive model for anisotropically consolidated clay.” Soils Found. 36 (3): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.36.3_13.
O’Loughlin, C. D., A. Lowmass, C. Gaudin, and M. F. Randolph. 2006. “Physical modelling to assess keying characteristics of plate anchors.” In Vol. 1 of Proc., of the 6th Int. Conf. on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 659–665. London: Taylor & Francis Group.
Purwana, O. A. 2007. Centrifuge model study on spudcan extraction in soft clay. Singapore: National University of Singapore.
Randolph, M., and S. Hope. 2004. “Effect of cone velocity on cone resistance and excess pore pressures.” In Proc., IS Osaka—Engineering Practice and Performance of Soft Deposits. Osaka, Japan: Osaka Yodogawa Kogisha.
Rezania, M., M. Taiebat, and E. Poletti. 2016. “A viscoplastic SANICLAY model for natural soft soils.” Comput. Geotech. 73: 128–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2015.11.023.
Rollo, F., and A. Amorosi. 2020. “SANICLAY-T: Simple thermodynamic-based anisotropic plasticity model for clays.” Comput. Geotech. 127: 103770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103770.
Roscoe, K., and J. B. Burland. 1968. On the generalized stress–strain behaviour of wet clay. Cambridge: GT Foulis & Co Ltd., Oxford.
Sahdi, F., N. Boylan, D. J. White, and C. Gaudin. 2010. “The influence of coloured dyes on the undrained shear strength of kaolin.” In Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics. London: Taylor & Francis Group.
Sahdi, F., D. J. White, and C. Gaudin. 2016. “Experiments using a novel penetrometer to assess changing strength of clay during remolding and reconsolidation.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 143 (4). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001637.
Schofield, A., and P. Worth. 1968. Vol. 310 of Critical state soil mechanics London: McGraw-Hill.
Taiebat, M., Y. F. Dafalias, and R. Peek. 2010. “A destructuration theory and its application to SANICLAY model.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 34 (10): 1009–1040. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.841.
Thevanayagam, S., and J.-L. Chameau. 1992. “Modeling anisotropy of clays at critical state.” J. Eng. Mech. 118 (4): 786–806. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1992)118:4(786).
Wang, D., and B. Bienen. 2016. “Numerical investigation of penetration of a large-diameter footing into normally consolidated kaolin clay with a consolidation phase.” Géotechnique 66 (11): 947–952. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.15.P.048.
Wheeler, S. J., A. Näätänen, M. Karstunen, and M. Lojander. 2003. “An anisotropic elastoplastic model for soft clays.” Can. Geotech. J. 40 (2): 403–418. https://doi.org/10.1139/t02-119.
Wilde, B. 2005. Program of centrifuge and field tests on the suction embedded plate anchor. Rep. to SEPLA Joint Industry Project. Houston, TX: Inter Moor.
Wood, D. M. 1990. Soil behaviour and critical state soil mechanics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wroth, C. P. 1984. “The interpretation of in situ soil tests.” Géotechnique 34 (4): 449–489. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1984.34.4.449.
Xie, Y., C. F. Leung, and Y. K. Chow. 2012. “Centrifuge modelling of spudcan–pile interaction in soft clay.” Géotechnique 62 (9): 799–810. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.12.OG.003.
Yin, Z.-Y., C. S. Chang, M. Karstunen, and P.-Y. Hicher. 2010. “An anisotropic elastic–viscoplastic model for soft clays.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 47 (5): 665–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.11.004.
Yin, Z.-Y., M. Karstunen, C. S. Chang, M. Koskinen, and M. Lojander. 2011. “Modeling time-dependent behavior of soft sensitive clay.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 137 (11): 1103–1113. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000527.
Yin, Z.-Y., Q. Xu, and P.-Y. Hicher. 2013. “A simple critical-state-based double-yield-surface model for clay behavior under complex loading.” Acta Geotech. 8 (5): 509–523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-013-0206-y.
Zhou, H., and M. F. Randolph. 2009. “Resistance of full-flow penetrometers in rate-dependent and strain-softening clay.” Géotechnique 59 (2): 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.00164.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 5, 2023
Accepted: Jun 11, 2023
Published online: Sep 22, 2023
Published in print: Dec 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Feb 22, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.