Pulling Resistance of Two Wooden Bolts Subjected to Continuous Loading in Anchoring Conservation of Earthen Sites
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 4
Abstract
On the premise of following the concept of culture heritage conservation, the technique of wooden bolt anchorage plays an important role in the conservation of rammed earthen sites. The existing researches on single anchoring cannot reflect the mechanical behaviors of an anchor group. To solve this problem, this study proposes a load-transfer method achieved by a universal joint combined with a load-bearing platform. Three rammed earth models were tested by continuous loading, with embedded length, bolt interval, and margin as variables. The failure mode, ultimate pulling resistance, load–displacement relationship, and interfacial strain distribution of the anchorage system were analyzed. Results show that the two bolts present sequential failure. Meanwhile, the failure of wooden bolts is not in a single mode; instead both interfacial debonding and soil-bearing capacity loss were observed in soil at the same time. The bolts are mostly in plastic-slipping state under working conditions. The strain is unevenly distributed at the bolt—grout interface and highest near the loading side. Spacing effect and marginal effect are important factors affecting the pulling resistance of two bolts, and their importance is higher than the quality of a single bolt. In addition, numerical simulations on behaviors of two wooden bolts, considering the interval distance, margin distance, embedment length, and layered property of rammed earth, were established by “interface” element, which supplemented and expanded the model test results. Results of this paper could provide deeper understanding of the macroscopic performance and internal mechanism of a two-bolts group.
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Acknowledgments
The research is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC1520700), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2021-kb03), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2022-22).
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Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23 • Issue 4 • April 2023
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Apr 8, 2022
Accepted: Nov 9, 2022
Published online: Jan 19, 2023
Published in print: Apr 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jun 19, 2023
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