Study on the Evolution of Rock Fracture under True Triaxial Intermediate Principal Stress
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 24, Issue 1
Abstract
An investigation of rock fracture characteristics subjected to the true triaxial intermediate principal stress is crucial for understanding the failure mechanism of surrounding rock in an actual underground engineering project and guiding the project’s implementation. In this study, a series of different true triaxial stress path tests were conducted to investigate the distribution of macroscopic rock fractures and internal cracks under various stress paths using a true triaxial servo test system and combining it with CT scanning technology. The results indicated that, due to the intermediate principal stress with constant direction, the true triaxial stress path has obvious directionality compared to the regular triaxial rock macroscopic and internal fracture distribution law and the fracture planes are aligned along the σ2 direction. Once the direction of the intermediate principal stress changes, the corresponding crack propagation direction immediately reverses and expands along the new intermediate principal stress direction. The direction of rock fracture is strongly dependent on the state (direction) of the intermediate principal stress, i.e., the direction of σ2 plays a decisive role in the macroscopic rock fracture characteristics. Accordingly, the “effect of intermediate principal stress-induced rock fracture” was proposed in this study. Based on the results of the CT scans in which the fracture dip angle within the rock is approximately parallel to the σ2 direction under different true triaxial paths, the intermediate principal stress plays a vital role in rock rupture. Combined with experimental and theoretical analyses, the rationality of this effect was verified. In addition, a numerical calculation method for the true triaxial rupture evolution of rocks with random fractures was proposed using ABAQUS software (version 2020), and a numerical calculation model for typical roadway excavation was developed. The rupture growth of the roadway surrounding rock was characterized by stratified evolution along the σ2 direction corresponding to the actual engineering. In addition, the numerical analysis of a typical roadway excavation with two different intermediate principal stress orientations indicated that the fracture of the surrounding rock in both kinds of roadways is roughly along the σ2 direction, which further supports the rationality of the “effect of intermediate principal stress-induced rock fracture.”
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Data Availability Statement
All of the data, models, and codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Science Foundation for the Introduced Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology, China (2022yjrc37); the Open Research Foundation for the State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines (SKLMRDPC22KF05); Major Special Projects of Science and Technology of Anhui Province (202203a07020010); and project funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20200628) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M671649). We thank anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions to improve the manuscripts.
Author contributions: Zhaolin Li, Lianguo Wang*, and Lei Wang designed experiments; Zhaolin Li, Bo Ren, and Ke Ding carried out experiments; Zhaolin Li, Bo Ren, and Ke Ding analyzed experimental results; Zhaolin Li and Hao Fan wrote the main manuscript text and prepared figures; all authors reviewed the manuscript.
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International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 24 • Issue 1 • January 2024
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Mar 30, 2022
Accepted: Jul 9, 2023
Published online: Nov 6, 2023
Published in print: Jan 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Apr 6, 2024
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