Application of the Cyclic Strain Accumulation Method on Shallow Foundations under Eccentric Cyclic Loading in Sand
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 24, Issue 11
Abstract
The cyclic loading of foundation structures in sand leads to an accumulation of plastic deformations in the structures. For shallow foundations of high and slender structures such as wind energy converters (WECs), an accumulation of the plastic rotations is expected under cyclic eccentric loading that is imposed by wind loads, which could be crucial for the proof of serviceability. A practical approach to predict the behavior of shallow foundations under high-cycle eccentric loading is under research. In this paper, a numerical approach, the cyclic strain accumulation method (CSAM), which has been validated for cyclically loaded monopiles, is adopted for shallow foundations under eccentric cyclic loading. Modifications to the CSAM are described, which are necessary to apply it to shallow foundations. The results that are gained with the modified method are compared with a medium-scale model test, in which the deformations of a footing with a diameter of 2.0 m under eccentric one-way cyclic loading were investigated. It can be concluded that the CSAM can make realistic predictions and shows satisfying agreement with the measured cyclic behavior. Although more experiments are needed to finally validate the method, the CSAM could be a promising numerical approach to account for the cyclic behavior of shallow foundations under eccentric cyclic loading in sand.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- b1 and b2
- regression parameters to account for the cyclic deformation of noncohesive soil;
- N
- number of cycles;
- VN
- cyclic amplifier ;
- Xc
- characteristic stress ratio;
- X(0) and X(1)
- cyclic stress ratios (Fig. 5);
- increase in Cartesian strain component due to static monotonic loading that represents the cyclic load (Fig. 5); and
- and
- Cartesian strain components obtained from the start and the end of static reloading (Fig. 5).
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 24 • Issue 11 • November 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 5, 2023
Accepted: Jun 10, 2024
Published online: Sep 10, 2024
Published in print: Nov 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Feb 10, 2025
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Continuum mechanics
- Cyclic loads
- Deformation (mechanics)
- Dynamic loads
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Eccentric loads
- Energy engineering
- Energy sources (by type)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Foundations
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Methodology (by type)
- Numerical methods
- Renewable energy
- Shallow foundations
- Soil deformation
- Soil dynamics
- Soil mechanics
- Solid mechanics
- Static loads
- Statics (mechanics)
- Structural analysis
- Structural dynamics
- Structural engineering
- Structural mechanics
- Wind engineering
- Wind loads
- Wind power
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