Modeling of Chloride Spatial Variability in a Reinforced Concrete Wharf from Onsite Measurements
Publication: ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering
Volume 10, Issue 3
Abstract
Chloride ingress by diffusion is the major deterioration process of reinforced concrete (RC) structures exposed to the marine environment. These structures have significant lengths or surfaces exposed to the outside environment. Due to the material variability (different concrete batches and vibration) and exposure variability, the material experiences a spatial variability of the deterioration process. This paper presents the geostatistical analysis of in situ chloride profiles, leading to the assessment of the spatial variability (SV) of both the chloride ingress itself and the parameters of the widely used Fick’s diffusion law (the average surface chloride content, , and the average chloride diffusion coefficient, ). 37 chloride profiles measured on both sides of the same spandrel beam of a RC wharf were studied, as well as the associated estimates of and . From an initial selection of random field models, the geostatistical analysis consists in the evaluation of model parameters using a procedure that tests both data and model assumptions on the fly (ergodicity, stationarity, and random field modeling). Combined with the calculation of information criteria for each model, this procedure allows to provide relevant geostatistical models for chloride ingress, and , which render SV as well as measurement error. It is noteworthy that the estimation error can be neglected when focusing on the SV for the range of chloride content studied in this paper. The SV of the chloride content seems to depend on the depth, with a large variability within the convection zone, and much less variability and more stability in the diffusion zone with a practical range of about 70 cm. This order of magnitude is consistent with the range of SV calculated for (50–73 cm).
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request, including the chloride content data set and whole MATLAB code generated during the study.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank all the partners of the iMAREO2 project: Keops Automation (D. Follut and D. Olivier), Université de Nantes (M. Roche), and Nantes–Saint-Nazaire Port (P. Lijour and M. Labegorre). The authors thank the Pays de la Loire Region for its financial support.
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© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 22, 2023
Accepted: Jan 20, 2024
Published online: Jul 5, 2024
Published in print: Sep 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Dec 5, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Analysis (by type)
- Chemical compounds
- Chemicals
- Chemistry
- Chloride
- Concrete
- Diffusion
- Diffusion (chemical)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Engineering mechanics
- Environmental engineering
- Errors (statistics)
- Field tests
- Geometry
- Materials engineering
- Mathematics
- Pollutants
- Reinforced concrete
- Salts
- Spatial analysis
- Spatial variability
- Statistics
- Tests (by type)
- Thermodynamics
- Transport phenomena
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