Challenges in Implementing Emerging Technologies to Existing Rail Transit Infrastructure

The implementation of emerging technologies is shaping the future across various aspects of society. Engineers face significant challenges in implementing these technologies to improve existing infrastructure systems as well as associated services. A key component for engineers is the continuous innovation and upgrading of aging infrastructure like water sewage, electric power, transportation, and communication systems, while considering both current and future technology landscapes. In addition to the advanced hardware and instruments like LiDAR (light detection and ranging), GPS (global positioning system), wireless transponders, or camera sensors, the introduction of enhanced database-integrated information, Internet of Things (IoT), digitization techniques, and building information modeling (BIM) are a few examples of emerging software technologies. Amid current design practices adhering to codes, regulations, and standards, engineers encounter difficulties in fully integrating these emerging technologies. This article explores the realm of current and future technologies as well as the complexities associated with improving rail transit infrastructure systems. This article further extends the introduction and challenges of implementing autonomous intelligence (AI), machine learning, and communications-based train control (CBTC) in the rail transit environment, enhancing the efficiency and safety of rail transit systems. This article also discusses the value engineering analysis which may sometimes necessitate a complete overhaul or replacement of intended improvement.