Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Potential Health Risks of Nitrate Pollution
Publication: World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2024
ABSTRACT
The present study evaluates the groundwater quality for drinking and human health risk assessment in the central-western part of Haryana state (India). For these, 136 sets of groundwater samples were collected from all blocks of study area. The value of WQI ranges between 65.58 and 467.14. The spatial map of WQI represents that poor and extremely poor groundwater quality was found in the western part of the study area. The NO3− value varies from 10 mg/L to 198 mg/L, with a mean of 88.35 mg/L. It was found that 69.11% of samples showed nitrate levels higher than the permissible limit suggested by the World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards. The results of health risks range from 0.417 to 8.250 for children, 0.284 to 5.625 for females, and 0.240 to 4.760 for males, indicating that the health risk level was higher in children than in females and males.
Get full access to this chapter
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Adimalla, N., Manne, R., Zhang, Y., Xu, P., and Qian, H. (2022). Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking purposes in semi-arid region of Southern India: an application of GIS. Geocarto International, 0(0), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2022.2040603.
Adimalla, N., Qian, H., and Nandan, M. J. (2020). Groundwater chemistry integrating the pollution index of groundwater and evaluation of potential human health risk: A case study from hard rock terrain of south India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 206(126), 111217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111217.
APHA. (2012). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 22nd Edn. American Public Heal Th Associat Ion (APHA), 14 American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Environment Federation 15 (WEF), New York, 1360.
Bahrami, M., and Zarei, A. R. (2023). Assessment and modeling of groundwater quality for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes using water quality indices and GIS technique in fasarud aquifer (Iran). Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-023-01725-2.
BIS. (2015). Indian standard drinking water–specification (second revision). Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), IS 10500, New Delhi., 2–6.
CGWB. (2019). Ground Water Year Book of Haryana State. Central Ground Water Board,MIinistry of Jal Shakti, Goverment of India,North Western Region, Chandigarh.
Dey, S., and Raju, N. J. (2023). Hydrogeochemical characterization and geochemical modeling for the evaluation of groundwater quality and health risk assessment in the Varuna River basin, India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01521-y.
El Bilali, A., Taleb, A., and Brouziyne, Y. (2021). Groundwater quality forecasting using machine learning algorithms for irrigation purposes. Agricultural Water Management, 245, 106625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106625.
Gaur, N., Sarkar, A., Dutta, D., Gogoi, B. J., Dubey, R., and Dwivedi, S. K. (2022). Evaluation of water quality index and geochemical characteristics of surfacewater from Tawang India. Scientific Reports, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14760-3.
Judran, N. H., and Kumar, A. (2020). Evaluation of water quality of Al-Gharraf River using the water quality index (WQI). Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 6(3), 1581–1588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00775-0.
Kammoun, A., Abidi, M., and Zairi, M. (2022). Hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater quality assessment for irrigation and drinking purposes: a case of Enfidha aquifer system, Tunisia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 81(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-10163-1.
Kazakis, N., Mattas, C., Pavlou, A., Patrikaki, O., and Voudouris, K. (2017). Multivariate statistical analysis for the assessment of groundwater quality under different hydrogeological regimes. Environmental Earth Sciences, 76(9), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6665-y.
Khan, N., Malik, A., and Nehra, K. (2021). Groundwater hydro-geochemistry, quality, microbiology and human health risk assessment in semi-arid area of Rajasthan, India: a chemometric approach. In Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (Vol. 193, Issue 4). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-08979-2.
Krishan, G., Kumar, M., Rao, M. S., Garg, R., Yadav, B. K., Kansal, M. L., Singh, S., Bradley, A., Muste, M., and Sharma, L. M. (2023). Integrated approach for the investigation of groundwater quality through hydrochemistry and water quality index (WQI). Urban Climate, 47(April 2022), 101383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101383.
Ongley, E. D. (2000). Water quality management: design, financing and sustainability considerations-II. In: Invited Presentation at the World Bank’s Water Week Conference: towards a Strategy for Managing Water Quality Management, pp. 1–16. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/082a/bcb572cba9697335299160bc4521d37f8b1a.pdf.
Raheja, H., Goel, A., and Pal, M. (2022a). An evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation uses under the GIS framework. Water Practice and Technology, 17(11), 2259–2277. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.134.
Raheja, H., Goel, A., and Pal, M. (2022b). Prediction of groundwater quality indices using machine learning algorithms. Water Practice and Technology, 17(1), 336–351. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2021.120.
Raheja, H., Goel, A., and Pal, M. (2023a). Groundwater quality appraisal using IWQI and PCA for irrigation uses. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 00(00), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2023.2218829.
Raheja, H., Goel, A., and Pal, M. (2023b). Assessment and Modeling of Groundwater Quality Using GIS and Machine Learning Techniques for Drinking Purpose. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2023, 1(i), 1092–1112. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784484852.100.
Sarkar, K., and Majumder, M. (2021). Application of AHP-based water quality index for quality monitoring of peri-urban watershed. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(2), 1780–1798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00651-y.
Urooj, S., Moazzam, F., Khan, A., and Siddiqui, F. (2022). Geospatial assessment of water quality using principal components analysis (PCA) and water quality index (WQI) in Basho Valley, Gilgit Baltistan (Northern Areas of Pakistan). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09845-5.
USEPA. (1989). Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: pt. A. Human health evaluation manual (Vol. 1). Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, United States Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA. (2002). Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Superfund Sites. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington.
WHO. (2017). Guidelines for drinking water quality: Fourth edition Incorporating the First Addendum. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, 631. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Published online: May 16, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Business management
- Chemical compounds
- Chemicals
- Chemistry
- Environmental engineering
- Groundwater
- Groundwater pollution
- Groundwater quality
- Health hazards
- Management methods
- Nitrates
- Pollutants
- Pollution
- Practice and Profession
- Public administration
- Public health and safety
- Quality control
- Salts
- Water (by type)
- Water and water resources
- Water management
- Water pollution
- Water quality
- Water treatment
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.