Foundation Performance of the Millennium Tower in San Francisco, California: One-Dimensional Settlement Analyses
Publication: Geo-Congress 2022
ABSTRACT
The Millennium Tower is a 58-story reinforced concrete building constructed in San Francisco, California, between 2005 and 2009. The Tower is founded on an embedded pile-supported mat with pile tips bearing in dense marine deposits that overlie an over-consolidated marine clay layer (Old Bay Clay). This clay layer experienced stress increases from Tower weight and from multiple episodes of dewatering in the vicinity of the Tower between 2006 and 2018. Settlements of the Tower foundation have been measured since 2006 and lateral deflections of the Tower have been inferred and measured since 2009. The degree which observed settlements can be captured with one-dimensional methods of settlement analysis were investigated. The analyses show that settlements were caused to a large extent by consolidation associated with tower weight and temporary stress increases from dewatering, along with secondary compression. A companion paper presents the three-dimensional analyses of foundation movements.
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Geo-Congress 2022
Pages: 359 - 373
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Published online: Mar 17, 2022
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