Modelling for Joint Urban Parking Charge and Park-and-Ride Scheme in a Multimodal Transport Network

With the increase of car ownership in recent years, it is a challenge to manage limited parking resource in urban neighborhoods. As an important means of traffic demand management measures, park-and-ride (P&R) is recognized to have the potential to attract drivers to ride, and thus mitigate traffic demand in congested areas, e.g., city center. This paper models the network equilibrium problem in a multimodal transport network with a joint urban parking charging and park-and-ride scheme. The multimodal transport system has three travel modes: car, bus, and P&R. We established a traffic mode choice model based on logit stochastic equilibrium based on the bottleneck model. The influence of the distance between the starting point to the P&R site is considered in this model. In addition, this paper considers the effects of income level to different travel modes. Numerical experiments are used to validate the proposed model and solution algorithm.