Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V
Response Spectra for Liquefiable Sites: A Simplified Equivalent Linear Analysis Methodology
Publication: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V: Liquefaction Triggering, Consequences, and Mitigation (GSP 290)
ABSTRACT
A simplified methodology is proposed for the computation of elastic response spectra at liquefiable sites, based on the widely used equivalent linear site response analysis method. The target response spectrum is obtained by frequency dependent interpolation between the elastic response spectra for “non-liquefied” and “liquefied” ground, the former computed for the native soil properties, without excess pore pressure buildup, and the latter for the liquefied soil properties. Apart from the structural frequency, the interpolation coefficient is also related to the factor of safety against liquefaction. In this way, the proposed methodology indirectly takes into account the initial segment of the seismic excitation, until the onset of liquefaction, which is of cornerstone importance for the evaluation of the overall ground response at sites with low and moderate liquefaction potential. Comparisons with results of nonlinear numerical analyses and field case studies verify the potential of the proposed methodology for preliminary design purposes.
Get full access to this chapter
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
ACKOWLEDGEMENTS
The Authors would like to thank C & M Engineering S.A. for partly funding this research.
REFERENCES
Acacio, A., Kobayashi, Y., Towhata, I., Bautista, R., and Ishihara, K. (2001). “Subsidence of building foundation resting upon liquefied subsoil case studies and assessment.” Soils and Foundations, 41(6), 111–128.
Andrianopoulos, K. I., Papadimitriou, A. G., and Bouckovalas, G. D. (2010). “Bounding surface plasticity model for the seismic liquefaction analysis of geostructures.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30(10), pp. 895–911.
Bouckovalas, G. D., Tsiapas, Y. Z., Zontanou, V. A., and Kalogeraki, C. G. (2017). “Equivalent Linear Computation of Response Spectra for Liquefiable Sites: The Spectral Envelope Method.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng, 143(4), 4016115.
Dashti, S., Bray, J. D., Pestana, J. M., Riemer, M. R., and Wilson, D. (2010). “Mechanisms of seismically-induced settlement of buildings with shallow foundations on liquefiable soil.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 151–164.
Dimitriadi V. E., Bouckovalas, G. D., Papadimitriou, A. G. (2017). “Seismic performance of strip foundations on liquefiable soils with a permeable crust.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,100, pp. 369–409.
Itasca. (2011). “FLAC version 7.0.” Itasca Consulting Group Inc.
Iwasaki, Y., and Tai, M. (1996). “Strong motion records at Kobe Port Island.” Soils and Foundations, Special Issue, 29–40.
Karamitros, D. K., Bouckovalas, G. D., and Chaloulos, Y. K. (2013). “Insight into the seismic liquefaction performance of shallow foundations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 599–607.
Kawasaki, K., Sakai, T., Yasuda, S., and Satoh, M. (1998). “Earthquake-induced settlement of an isolated footing for power transmission power.” Proc., Centrifuge 98, Tokyo, 271–276.
Kramer, S. L., Hartvigsen, A. J., Sideras, S. S., and Ozener, P. T. (2011). “Site response modeling in liquefiable soil deposits.” 4th IASPEI / IAEE International Symposium: Effects of Surface Geology on Strong Ground Motion,Santa Barbara, 23–26 August.
Miwa, S., and Ikeda, T. (2006). “Shear modulus and strain of liquefied ground and their application to evaluation of the response of foundation structures.” Structural Engineering/Earthquake Engineering, 23(1), 167–179.
Naesgaard, E., Byrne, P. M., and Ven Huizen, G. (1998). “Behaviour of light structures founded on soil ‘crust’ over liquefied ground.” Geotechnical Special Publication, 75, 422–433.
Ramberg, W., and Osgood, W. R. (1943). Description of stress-strain curve by three parameters. Technical note 902, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
Schnabel, P. B., Lysmer, J., and Seed, H. B. (1972). “SHAKE: A computer program for earthquake response analysis of horizontally layered sites.” Rep. No. UCB/EERC-72/12, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California at Berkeley.
Tsiapas, Y. (2017). “Seismic response analysis of liquefiable ground with computational methods.” PhD Thesis, Dept of Civil Engineering, NTUA, Athens.
Vucetic, M., and Dobry, R. (1991). “Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 89–107.
Youd, T., Idriss, I., Andrus, R., Arango, I., et al. (2001). “Liquefaction resistance of soils: Summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF workshops on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 817–833.
Youd, T. L., and Carter, B. L. (2005). “Influence of soil softening and liquefaction on spectral acceleration.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 811–825.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V: Liquefaction Triggering, Consequences, and Mitigation (GSP 290)
Pages: 535 - 543
Editors: Scott J. Brandenberg, Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles, and Majid T. Manzari, Ph.D., George Washington University
ISBN (Online): 978-0-7844-8145-5
Copyright
© 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jun 7, 2018
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Continuum mechanics
- Design (by type)
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Elastic analysis
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Geotechnical investigation
- Linear analysis
- Motion (dynamics)
- Oscillations
- Response spectra
- Site investigation
- Soil dynamics
- Soil liquefaction
- Soil mechanics
- Soil pressure
- Soil properties
- Solid mechanics
- Structural analysis
- Structural design
- Structural engineering
- Structural safety
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.