World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018
An Empirical Approach to Estimate Total Suspended Sediment Using Observational Data in Fox River and Southern Green Bay, WI
Publication: World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018: Hydraulics and Waterways, Water Distribution Systems Analysis, and Smart Water
ABSTRACT
Fox River is known as a major supplier of total suspended sediments (TSS) into Green Bay (GB). Therefore, understanding the concentration of TSS transported by Fox River to the GB is crucial in restoration and coastal management plans, and for any computational efforts. Currently, there is not a continuous record of in situ TSS observations in Fox River. However, United States Geological Survey (USGS) has a continuous record of turbidity (TU) measurements at the Fox River mouth. In addition, there are point measurements of TSS and TU by GB NEW Water, in the bay. In this study, two approaches were examined to predict TSS from TU using NEW Water and USGS data. First, various regression methods were tested to find an empirical relation between TSS and TU from the measured data in Southern GB, and best model was selected based on a random sampling technique. Comparison of the observed and estimated TSS—based on empirical equation—shows the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient are 0.26 and 0.93, respectively. In addition, cumulative distribution function was used to estimate TSS based on USGS records of TU. Lognormal distribution was selected among best-fit distributions for probability approach. Estimated data were evaluated against measured TSS, and NRMSE and NSE are 0.30, and 0.91, respectively. Based on error criteria, both models can successfully estimate TSS; however, the lognormal distribution shows a slightly better estimate. A study is underway to check the ability of both methods in estimation of TSS, using recently measured data.
Get full access to this chapter
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
5. REFERENCES
Bai, X., Wang, J., Schwab, D.J., Yang, Y., Luo, L., Leshkevich, G.A. and Liu, S., 2013. Modeling 1993–2008 climatology of seasonal general circulation and thermal structure in the Great Lakes using FVCOM. Ocean Modelling, 65, pp.40-63.
Bilottaa, G. S., & Brazier, R. E. (2008). Understanding the influence of suspended solids on water quality and aquatic biota. Water Research, 42(12), 2849-2861.
Bravo, H.R., Bootsma, H.A. and Khazaei, B, 2017. Modeling the transport and fate of phosphorus from a point source in the Lake Michigan nearshore zone. E-Proceedings of the 37th IAHR World Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 13-18 Aug.
Bravo, H.R., McLellan, S.L., Klump, J.V., Hamidi, S.A. and Talarczyk, D., 2017. Modeling the fecal coliform footprint in a Lake Michigan urban coastal area. Environmental Modelling & Software, 95, pp.401-419.
Dolan, D.M. and Chapra, S.C., 2012. Great Lakes total phosphorus revisited: 1. Loading analysis and update (1994–2008). Journal of Great Lakes Research, 38(4), pp.730-740.
Gottlieb, E.S., Saylor, J.H. and Miller, G.S., Currents and water temperatures observed in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Part I, Winter 1988-1989, Part II, Summer 1989.
Hamidi, S.A., Bravo, H.R., Klump, J.V., Beletsky, D. and Schwab, D.J., 2012. Hydrodynamic model for green bay, Lake Michigan. In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2012: Crossing Boundaries (pp. 1438-1446).
Hamidi, S.A., Bravo, H.R., Klump, J.V. and Waples, J.T., 2015. The role of circulation and heat fluxes in the formation of stratification leading to hypoxia in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 41(4), pp.1024-1036.
Hamidi, S.A., Hosseiny, H., Ekhtari, N. and Khazaei, B., 2017. Using MODIS remote sensing data for mapping the spatio-temporal variability of water quality and river turbid plume. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 21(6), pp.939-950.
Hamidi, S.A., Hosseiny, H., Ekhtari, N. and Khazaei, B., 2017. A Satellite Imagery Approach to Monitor Turbidity and Total Suspended Sediments in Green Bay, WI. Abstract [GC23B-1066] presented at 2017 Fall Meeting, AGU, New Orleans, LA, 11-15 Dec.
Jalili, S., Hamidi, S.A. and Namdar Ghanbari, R., 2016. Climate variability and anthropogenic effects on Lake Urmia water level fluctuations, northwestern Iran. Hydrological sciences journal, 61(10), pp.1759-1769.
Khazaei, B., Bravo, H.R. and Bootsma, H.A., 2017. Using a hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model to investigate the effects of nutrient loading from a wastewater treatment plant into Lake Michigan. Abstract [B43B-2123] presented at 2017 Fall Meeting, AGU, New Orleans, LA, 11-15 Dec.
Klump, J.V., Sager, P., Edgington, D.N., Robertson, D., 1997. Sedimentary phosphorus cycling and a phosphorus mass balance for the Green Bay ecosystem. Can. J. Fish. Aquat.Sci. 54, 10–26.
Klump, J.V., Fitzgerald, S.A., Waples, J.T., 2009. Benthic biogeochemical cycling, nutrient stoichiometry, and carbon and nitrogen mass balances in a eutrophic freshwater bay. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54, 792–812.
Lathrop, R.G., Castle, J.R.V. and Lillesand, T.M., 1990. Monitoring river plume transport and mesoscale circulation in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, through satellite remote sensing. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 16(3), pp.471-484.
Mortimer, C.H., 1978. Water movement, mixing, and transport in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Research Needs for Green Bay, pp.10-56.
Manchester-Neesvig, J.B., Andren, A.W. and Edgington, D.N., 1996. Patterns of mass sedimentation and of deposition of sediment contaminated by PCBs in Green Bay. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 22(2), pp.444-462.
Martin, J.M. and Meybeck, M., 1979. Elemental mass-balance of material carried by major world rivers. Marine chemistry, 7(3), pp.173-206.
Miller, G.S. and Saylor, J.H., 1993. Low-frequency water volume transport through the midsection of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, calculated from current and temperature observations. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 19(2), pp.361-367.
Milliman, J.D. and Farnsworth, K.L., 2013. River discharge to the coastal ocean: a global synthesis. Cambridge University Press.
Nabizadehdarabi, A., 2015. Reliability of bridge superstructures in Wisconsin (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee).
Nash, J.E., Sutcliffe, J.V., 1970. River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I — A discussion of principles. J. Hydrol. 10, 282–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6
Nekouee, N., Hamidi, S.A., Roberts, P.J. and Schwab, D.J., 2015. Assessment of a 3D hydrostatic model (POM) in the near field of a Buoyant River plume in Lake Michigan. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 226(7), p.210.
NEW Water, 2017. Aquatic Monitoring Program 〉 NEW Water [WWW Document]. URL http://newwater.us/programs-initiatives/aquatic-monitoring-program/ (accessed 11.7.17).
Pukelsheim, F., 1994. The Three Sigma Rule. Am. Stat. 48, 88–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1994.10476030
Shi, H. and Wang, G., 2015. Impacts of climate change and hydraulic structures on runoff and sediment discharge in the middle Yellow River. Hydrological Processes, 29(14), pp.3236-3246.
US EPA, 2017. Green Bay Fox River AOC Boundary Map [WWW Document]. URL https://www.epa.gov/green-bay-fox-river-aoc/green-bay-fox-river-aoc-boundary-map (accessed 12.29.17).
USGS, 2017. USGS Current Conditions for USGS 040851385 FOX RIVER AT OIL TANK DEPOT AT GREEN BAY, WI [WWW Document]. URL https://waterdata.usgs.gov/wi/nwis/dv?cb_00060=on&format=gif_stats&site_no=040851385&referred_module=sw&period=&begin_date=1988-10-01&end_date=2017-11-06 (accessed 11.7.17).
Wang, S., Yan, Y. and Li, Y., 2012. Spatial and temporal variations of suspended sediment deposition in the alluvial reach of the upper Yellow River from 1952 to 2007. Catena, 92, pp.30-37.
Wilks, D.S., 2011. Statistical methods in the atmospheric sciences. Academic Press.
Wood, P. J., & Armitage, P. D. (1997). Biological Effects of Fine Sediment in the Lotic Environment. Environmental Management, 21, 203-217.
Wu, C.S., Yang, S.L. and Lei, Y.P., 2012. Quantifying the anthropogenic and climatic impacts on water discharge and sediment load in the Pearl River (Zhujiang), China (1954–2009). Journal of Hydrology, 452, pp.190-204.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018: Hydraulics and Waterways, Water Distribution Systems Analysis, and Smart Water
Pages: 42 - 53
Editor: Sri Kamojjala, Las Vegas Valley Water District
ISBN (Online): 978-0-7844-8142-4
Copyright
© 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: May 31, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.