Index for Objective Resilience: Objective Processes

ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology)

83

adjacency matrix

146

applications using network models with

148t. See also dependency tables

agent-based models

170

applications in interdependency studies

172t–174t

Aspen

170

Aspen-EE

170

CIMS models

170

SMART II

170. See also interaction rules

aggregate supply and demand tools

180

curves

185f

studies for interdependent systems

186t. See also interaction rules

AI for Disaster Response (AIDR)

242

Alliance for National and Community Resilience (ANCR)

192

ant-colony optimization (ACO)

242

artificial intelligence (AI)

232–233, 243–244. See also machine learning

ASCE's Sustainable Procurement for Infrastructure

82

Aspen

170. See also agent-based models

Aspen-EE

170. See also agent-based models

automatic water-level recorder (AWLR)

240

autoregressive moving-average (ARMA)

3

availability

19, 49. See also reliability

Bag of Words model

241

Barlow–Proschan IM

40. See also importance measure

Bayesian network (BN)

24, 270

–based approach

175

studies using

178t–179t. See also interaction rules;

resilient infrastructure system modeling

Birnbaum IM (BIM)

39

built environment

81

cascading failures

133. See also interdependent functionality

causal-loop diagrams

171. See also interaction rules

Center for Risk-based Community Resilience Planning in 2015 (CRBCRP)

192

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

255

CIMS models

170. See also agent-based models

city resilience

257–259. See also resilience

Climate and Resilience (CR)

83

Climate and Risk (CR)

96

closed-circuit television (CCTV)

240

Coastal Resilience Center of Excellence (CRC)

192

communication:

-related subsystems

302

technologies

266

community

286

lifelines

288

Community Resilience Lifeline Systems (CRLS) Methodology

283, 288, 330, 333, 336

advantages

325–326

approach

311

best practices

333, 336

communication lifeline

302–303

communications lifeline operations

316f, 317f, 318f

communications subsystems

314t–315t

Community Lifelines Framework

291–311

damage by Hurricane Katrina

296f

damage by Hurricane Maria

284f

energy lifeline

296–297, 300–301

energy lifeline operations

311f, 312f, 313f

equations

321–324

examples

326–330, 328t–329t, 330f, 331t–332t, 333f, 334t–335t, 336f

FEMA resilience framework

285–288

FEMA-sponsored generator

297f

food, water, and shelter lifeline locations and operations

300f, 302f, 303f

food, water, and shelter subsystems

298t–299t

food, water, sheltering lifeline

292, 295

hazardous material lifeline

306–307

hazardous materials operations

325f

hazardous materials subsystems

324t

health and medical lifeline

296

health and medical lifeline operations

306f, 307f

health and medical subsystems

304t–305t

inputs from user

312–313, 317–318

Kolob Reservoir

301f

landfall by Hurricane Maria

284f

lifeline of energy subsystems

308t–310t

limitations

326

linking behavior of resilience components with lifelines

291

resilience components

289–291

safety and security lifeline

291–292

safety and security subsystems

293t–294t

shelters

292

transportation lifeline

303

transportation operations

321f, 322f, 323f

transportation subsystems

319t–320t

Vigilant Guard South Carolina exercise

295f

complex network theory (CNT)

264, 266–267

graph theory vs.

266f. See also resilient infrastructure system modeling

composite importance measure (CIM)

43. See also importance measure

computable general equilibrium (CGE)

164

constrained optimization simulation

175, 180

studies using

181t–183t. See also interaction rules

construction

108

energy and emissions of

109

energy consumption in

109–110

envision credits for reductions in energy consumption

111f

envision credits for reductions in materials

111f

correlation-based tables

141, 146

studies using

144t–145t. See also dependency tables

critical infrastructure (CI)

25

Critical Infrastructure Modeling Systems (CIMS)

170

critical infrastructure protection/decision support system (CIS/DSS)

171

Critical Infrastructure Resilience Institute (CIRI)

192

critical infrastructure systems (CISs)

127, 206–207, 259

dependencies and interdependencies between

131f

improving recovery and resilience of

128

infrastructure interconnections

127

infrastructure sector

130

interdependencies

128, 263–264

interdependency studies

128

in PRAISys

200

PRAISys project

128

publications

129f

and resilience

262–263. See also interdependent functionality

criticality IM (CI)

40

cyberattack detection

29. See also system resilience

cyber resilience recovery model (CRRM)

29

Dempster–Shafer theory

271. See also resilient infrastructure system modeling

Department of Environment and Infrastructure (DEI)

113

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

283

dependencies:

classification of

132

and interdependencies

132

intersystem dependencies

133. See also interdependent functionality

dependency and interdependency

130–133, 131f;

classifications

132, 133–135;

comparison of models

185, 187, 188t–191t;

dependency tables

136;

at different levels

132;

implementation in PRAISys platform

201t–203t;

implemented as tables and/or through interaction rules

135f;

interaction rules

164;

models

135, 185;

resilience assessment frameworks and tools

193t–198t;

restoration-related

200. See also interdependent functionality

dependency matrix

149. See also dependency tables

dependency tables

136

adjacency matrix

146

applications using network models

148t

correlation-based tables

141, 146

dependency matrix

149

descriptive interdependency table based on TLC

139t–140t

descriptive terms

136

dynamic inoperability input–output models

163

economic theory–based tables

150, 162–164

graph theory–based matrices

146–150

inoperability

162

inoperability input–output model

162–163

input–output model

150

qualitative tables

136, 138

quantitative tables

138

studies using correlation-based tables

144t–145t

studies using economic theory–based methods

154t–161t

studies using empirical approaches

137t

studies using network models

151t–153t

studies using survey-based quantitative tables

142t–143t

survey-based quantitative tables

138, 141. See also dependency and interdependency models

descriptive interdependency table based on TLC

139t–140t. See also dependency tables

descriptive modeling

242

descriptive terms

136. See also dependency tables

differential importance measures (DIM)

43. See also importance measure

disaster

286

-resilience-of-place model

30. See also system resilience

discrete-event simulation

164–170

models

1–2

studies using

166t–169t. See also interaction rules

dynamic inoperability input–output models (DIIMs)

163. See also dependency tables

economic system resilience

34. See also system resilience

economic theory

268–270

–based models

206

–based tables

150, 162–164

studies using

154t–161t. See also dependency tables;

interdependent functionality;

resilient infrastructure system modeling

electric transmission system

132

emergencies

286

emergency detection

238–243

emergency management

242–243

in real world

240

in virtual world

240–242. See also machine learning

emergency operation centers (EOCs)

242

eNetworks

266

environmental footprints

81

Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)

110

Envision

83, 117

benefits of

89

categories and credits

84f

credit categories

85f

ENV SP credential

87f

and NFIP CRS

87–88

points vs. levels of achievement

85f

resilience credits

86f

score

87. See also sustainability to resilience

Envision Sustainability Professional (ENV SP)

87

ERAC

40

escalating failures

133. See also interdependent functionality

event tree analysis (ETA)

165

evidence theory

271. See also resilient infrastructure system modeling

extreme events

253

consequences of

254

human-induced events

253

natural induced events

253

and power outages

254, 255t, 256f

types of

253. See also resilience

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

6

fault tree analysis (FTA)

165

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

283

communities

286

community lifelines

288

disaster

286

emergencies

286

federal disaster declarations

286f

PPD-8

287

primary mission

285

recovery

287

relation between NRF and NDRF

287f

resilience framework

285–288

-sponsored generator

297f

4Rs

1

Fusselly–Vesely importance (FVIM)

40

game theory

272. See also resilient infrastructure system modeling

gamma process

38. See also system recovery

generalized GIM (GGIM)

42. See also importance measure

geospatial risk and resilience assessment (GRRASP)

199

global greenhouse gas (GHG)

101

Google Knowledge Graph

233

graph theory–based matrices

146–150

studies using network models with

151t–153t. See also dependency tables

Green Globes

88, 89. See also sustainability to resilience

Griffith importance measure (GIM)

42. See also importance measure

Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD)

112

hazards

21, 25–26

automatic attack prediction method

25

hurricanes

237

man-made

24–25, 237

natural hazards

23–24

predicting

236–238

predicting volcano eruptions

237

resilience

27

risk

24

system's failure rate

22, 26. See also reliability;

resilience

system recovery

system resilience

human–computer interaction

245–246. See also machine learning

hybrid model

271. See also resilient infrastructure system modeling

image segmentation

238

importance measure (IM)

39

availability and resilience of two systems

50f

Barlow–Proschan IM

40

BIM

39–40

of components in repairable systems

41, 42

extended version of NIM

41

failure and repair rates of units

49t

importance of units in System 1 over time

51f, 52t

Natvig IM

41

for nonrepairable systems

43–44

proposed importance measures

43

for repairable systems

44

resilience and importance measure of repairable systems

48–52

resilience of two systems over time

50f

of units

47–48t

upgrading function IM

41. See also system recovery

infrastructure

130

component

130

interconnections

127

systems

25, 262–264. See also resilience

inoperability

162. See also dependency tables

inoperability input–output model (IIM)

162–163. See also dependency tables

input–output (I–O) model

150. See also dependency tables

Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (ISI)

83, 112

integrated importance measure (IIM)

43. See also importance measure

interaction rules

164

agent-based model applications in interdependency studies

172t–174t

agent-based models

170–171

Aspen

170

Aspen-EE

170

Bayesian network–based approach

175

causal-loop diagrams

171

CIMS models

170

constrained optimization simulation

175, 180

discrete-event simulations

164–170

FTA and ETA

165

population mobility models

180, 185

SMART II

170

studies using aggregate supply & demand models

186t

studies using Bayesian network–based approach

178t–179t

studies using constrained optimization simulation

181t–183t

studies using discrete-event simulations

166t–169t

studies using population mobility model

184t

studies using system dynamics approach

176t–177t

supply and demand curves

185f

supply and demand tools

180

system dynamics approach

171, 175. See also dependency and interdependency models

interdependency model in community resilience assessment

187, 192

PRAISys platform

199–204. See also interdependent functionality

interdependent functionality

127, 206–207

application of interdependency model

187, 192–204

cascading and escalating failures

133

concepts and background

129

discussion

204–205

economic theory–based models

206

interdependent infrastructure

132

intersystem dependencies

133

recommended practice

205–206

resilience

129–130

resilience assessment frameworks and tools

193t–198t

Resilience Index

130. See also critical infrastructure systems;

dependency and interdependency

interdependent infrastructure

132. See also interdependent functionality

International Code Council (ICC)

192

Internet of Things (IoT)

233

intersystem dependencies

133. See also interdependent functionality

joint adjacency matrix (JA)

149

joint importance measure (JIM)

43. See also importance measure

joint probability matrix (JCP)

149

Leadership (LD)

83, 103

LEED

88, 89. See also sustainability to resilience

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)

82

machine learning (ML)

231, 245

artificial intelligence

232–233, 243–244

Bag of Words model

241

classifiers

237, 241

complex decision-making under emergency conditions

247

concept of disaster resilience

232f

data flow for detection application of landslide

236f

data integration problem

235–236

detecting and managing emergencies

238–239

in disaster management applications

233

discussion

245–247

evolution of structural element

244f

facial recognition system

238

functionality of system

231

Google Knowledge Graph

233

hand shape biometric system

239f

human–computer interaction

245–246

image segmentation

238

model identification

235–238

Natural Language Processing

241

in ontology learning

234

OWL

234

predicting hazards

236–238

Qatar Computing Research Institute

242

RDF and RDFS

234

recommendations

247

recursive neural tensor network model

241

resilience

231–232

resilience and role of

245

semantic representation of emergency

233–235

semantic web

233

solution generation and decision making

243–245

traditional warning systems

240

unsupervised learning

241. See also emergency detection

Markov models

270–271. See also resilient infrastructure system modeling

matrix model

271. See also resilient infrastructure system modeling

mean residual life (MRL)

17

mean time between failures (MTBF)

18, 19

mean time to failure (MTTF)

17

Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE)

97

mixed-integer programming model

272. See also resilient infrastructure system modeling

Monte Carlo simulation

2–3. See also uncertainty quantification in objective resilience

multiagent simulation (MAS)

264, 267

components of

268f. See also resilient infrastructure system modeling

Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER)

199

national disaster recovery framework (NDRF)

287

NRF and

287f

National Floodplain Insurance Program's Community Rating System (NFIP CRS)

87–88

National Response Framework (NRF)

285, 287

and NDRF

287f

Natural Language Processing

241. See also machine learning

Natural World (NW)

83

Natvig IM

41. See also importance measure

network infrastructure

141

nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

289

non-repairable systems:

importance measure

43–44

metrics of

17, 18. See also repairable systems

one-dimensional, univariate (1V-1D)

3

Optimization Study (OS)

113

overall system's failure rate

22, 26. See also hazards

OWL

234. See also machine learning

Part of Speech (POS)

241

Petri nets

165

polyvinyl chloride (PVCO)

21

population mobility models

180, 185

studies using

184t. See also interaction rules

PRAISys (Probabilistic Resilience Assessment of Interdependent Systems)

128

PRAISys platform

199

damage-related interdependencies

200

functionality-related interdependencies

204

hazard-related interdependencies

200. See also dependency and interdependency;

interdependency model in community resilience assessment

Presidential Policy Directive 8 (PPD-8)

285

probability density function (PDF)

18

probability distribution function (PDF)

3

products

17

Qatar Computing Research Institute

242

Quake-Catcher Network

235

qualitative tables

136, 138. See also dependency tables

Quality of Life (QL)

83

quantitative tables

138. See also dependency tables

RDF-Schema (RDFS)

234

recovery

287

recursive neural tensor network model

241. See also machine learning

reliability

17, 45, 53

availability

19, 49

function of system

45

metrics model

19

metrics of non-repairable systems

17, 18

metrics of repairable systems

18–19

MTBF

19

products

17

and redundancy

30

-related performance measurements

33

of two systems over time

47f. See also hazards

resilience

system recovery;

system resilience

renewable sources

99

repairable systems:

availability and resilience of two systems over time

50f

failure and repair rates of units in two systems

49t

IM of components in

41, 42

importance measure

44

importance of units in System 1 over time

51f, 52t

reliability metrics of

18–19

resilience and availability of two systems over time

51f

resilience and importance measure of

48–52. See also non-repairable systems

Resilience Index

130

resilience

17, 26, 53, 19–21, 129–130, 253

application in different fields

52–53

assessing interdependence of CISs to assess risk

260

best practices

273–274

calculation

33

capabilities of

262

of CI

29

city

257–259

concept of

256–259

critical infrastructure system interdependence

263–264

critical infrastructure systems and

262–263

curve

35

of economic organization

27

extreme events

253–255, 255t, 256f

failure and repair rates of units in two systems

49t

four dimensions of

261–262, 261f

importance of units in System 1 over time

51f, 52t, and

importance measure of repairable systems

48–52;

infrastructure systems

262–264;

metrics

261;

problem

3;

qualitative and semi-quantitative framework of

28–30;

quantification

30–34, 261–262;

and reliability of two systems over time

46f;

research trends and challenges

259;

resilient infrastructure system modeling and simulation

264–272;

resilient system

256, 257f;

risk

259, 260f;

seismic

28;

simple resilience metrics

261;

stress–strain relationship under tensile load

20f;

system

255–256;

of two systems over time

50f, 51f;

vulnerability

259. See also hazards;

reliability

;

system recovery

;

system resilience

resiliency

83

resilient infrastructure system modeling

264

Bayesian networks

270

complex network theory

264, 266–267

components of MAS model

268f

Dempster–Shafer theory or evidence theory

271

economic theory

268–270

empirical methods

272

game theory

272

graph theory vs. CNT

266f

hybrid model

271

Markov models

270–271

matrix model

271

mixed-integer programming model

272

multiagent simulation

267, 268f

optimization

272

system assessment and control

272, 265f

system dynamics

268, 269f

system simulation

264–272, 265f. See also resilience

resilient system

256, 257f. See also resilience

Resource Allocation (RA)

83

resource description framework (RDF)

234

risk

259. See also resilience

seismic resilience

28. See also system resilience

semantic web

233

service-oriented networks

27

shelters

292

SITES

89. See also sustainability to resilience

smart grid system

44f

SMART II

170. See also agent-based models

social networks

240–241

spectral representation method

3–8. See also uncertainty quantification in objective resilience

survey-based quantitative tables

138, 141

studies using

142t–143t. See also dependency tables

sustainability

83

applications

108–110, 111f

ASCE's Sustainable Procurement for Infrastructure

82

assessment tools

83

climate change

101–103

conceptualizations of sustainable development

94f

construction

108–110, 111f

development of management processes

93

development of sustainable infrastructure

82

distribution of envision credits

96f

durability and adaptability

103–105

energy inputs and emissions of building

115t

Envision

83–89, 99

Green Globes

88, 89

guidance on community-wide resilience planning

83

implementation

111–116

Kunia country farms project

100f

LEED

88, 89

low-level road project

99f

objective of infrastructure development

89

objective resilience and sustainability

117

production and manufacturing

97–100

project management processes

91f

Project management process groups

93f

project processes in civil engineering design

92f

project processes in life cycle of civil engineering projects

92f

rate of degradation

90

recommendations

117–118

resilience through

89

resiliency

83

risk management

91–97

SITES

89

snow creek stream environment zone restoration project

98f

South Los Angeles wetlands park

107f

Sun valley watershed multi-benefit project

102f

sustainability through project management process groups

95f

sustainability to resilience

81, 116

sustainable rating system selection flowchart

88f

sustaining innovation

106–108

synergies

105–106

system recovery

105–106

trends in life-cycle performance of infrastructure systems

90f

Tucannon river wind farm

105f

unit cost, energy, and emission analysis of soil compaction

114t

West park equalization facility

102f

sustainable infrastructure:

ASCE's Sustainable Procurement for Infrastructure

82

development

82

Envision rating system for

83–89

objective of infrastructure development

89. See also sustainability to resilience

system dynamics (SD)

264, 268, 269f;

approach

171, 175;

studies using

176t–177t. See also interaction rules;

resilient infrastructure system modeling

system failures

21

system recovery

37

Barlow–Proschan IM

40

BIM

39–40

extended version of NIM

41

gamma distribution

38

gamma process

38

IM of components in repairable systems

41, 42

Natvig IM

41

proposed importance measures

43–44

recovery sequence

38–43

stochastic recovery process

37–38

structure function

39

upgrading function IM

41. See also hazards;

reliability

resilience;

system resilience

system resilience

26, 36, 255–256

assessment

29

cyberattack detection

29

disaster-resilience-of-place model

30

economic

34

failure rates of units in two systems

45f

game-theoretic approach

34

network resilience assessment

29

proposed resilience quantification

34–37

system performance behavior

31f

system resilience quantification

45–47

system's recovery ability

27. See also hazards;

reliability

resilience

; system recovery

system simulation

264–272, 265f. See also resilient infrastructure system modeling

traditional warning systems

240

uncertainties

1

uncertainty quantification in objective resilience

1

advantage of FFT technique

8

discrete-event simulation models

1–2

estimated vs. fitted evolutionary power spectra

10f

finite-element predictions of bearing capacity for soil deposit

12f

Monte Carlo simulation

2–3

random heterogeneous soil properties

13

recommended practices and examples

8

seismic ground motion acceleration time histories

9–10

simulated stochastic process

6

spectral representation method

3–8

two NGA-West strong ground motion database seismic records

9f

wind velocity fluctuations modeled as stochastic wave

11f

wind velocity time histories

10–12

universal generating function (UGF)

43. See also importance measure

unsupervised learning

241. See also machine learning

upgrading function IM (UFI)

41

vulnerability

259. See also resilience

weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

289

web ontology language

234

wide area monitoring system (WAMS)

29