Chapter
Apr 26, 2012
A Comparison of 2D and 3D Settlement Analyses of the Tower of Pisa
Publication: Geo-Frontiers 2011: Advances in Geotechnical Engineering
Abstract
This paper compares and evaluates settlement analyses of the Tower of Pisa by 2D and 3D computer models. The Tower of Pisa has been an important settlement case study for more than a century, previously modeled using 1D consolidation and, more recently, 2D and 3D finite element analysis. The structure is symmetrical but is subject to non-symmetrical loading because of its inclination. The Tower's symmetry allows a 2D plane strain analysis to model its tilt but the magnitude of the settlement must be calibrated for the difference between plane strain and axisymmetric loading. The results of the calibrated 2D and 3D analyses show excellent agreement and both agree reasonably well with the estimated actual settlements and tilts. However, the 3D analyses require longer execution times and greater amounts of execution time than the 2D analyses.
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Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Apr 26, 2012
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ASCE Technical Topics:
- Analysis (by type)
- Buildings
- Case studies
- Comparative studies
- Computer models
- Engineering fundamentals
- High-rise buildings
- Methodology (by type)
- Models (by type)
- Research methods (by type)
- Structural engineering
- Structures (by type)
- Three-dimensional analysis
- Three-dimensional models
- Two-dimensional analysis
- Two-dimensional models
Authors
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McMahon and Mann Consulting Engineers, 2495 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214.E-mail: [email protected]
P.E.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave., Medford, MA 02155.E-mail: [email protected]
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