Modeling of Cyclic Plane Strain Response of Toyoura Sand

Test results of Toyoura sand subjected to plane strain cyclic loading illustrates that it has the memory effect i.e., memory about its last load reversal point in the shear stress-strain plane, which produces a closed hysteretic loop. To simulate this response, a novel formulation of kinematic hardening rule is used here by introducing a framework in which the dimensionless kinematic hardening rate is varied according to the instantaneous stress value at that point along the stress path. When the direction of the loading is reversed, the initial rate of hardening is restored and the rate of variation of hardening is scaled according to extended Masing's law. As a result, a closed hysteretic stress-strain loop is obtained due to cyclic loading. Finally, cyclic plane strain response of Toyoura sand is simulated and compared with available test results.