Temporal and Spatial Scaling of Instantaneous Residential Water Demand for Network Analysis

The paper presented a stochastic model that simulates time-averaged water demands at network nodes in a skeletonized water distribution system. The model comprises analytical expressions that scale the statistical moments of water pulse data to higher time and space resolutions. The new model was tested against simulated water demand data generated with the PRPsym. The preliminary results indicate that the model accurately scales the mean and variance of time-averaged nodal demand at time steps that range from 30 min to 2 h. Increasing the number of single-family homes connected to a network node does not introduce errors in the mean and variance of time-averaged nodal demand. Numerical testing indicated that time-averaged nodal demands are normally distributed when more than 100 single-family residences are connected to a network node. More data and analysis is needed to confirm these preliminary findings.