Alternative Approaches for Water Distribution: Dual and Decentralized Systems

Water utilities supply water though a centralized approach in which all the water leaving the treatment facility is treated to drinking water standards as specified under the Safe Drinking Water Act. While this methodology has several operational and management benefits, many experts question whether a centralized approach is best on the basis of costs and water quality. Proponents for alternative distribution approaches argue that the centralized systems will face increasingly stringent standards, water quality degradation from oversized and aging pipeline infrastructure, and reduced access to high quality water sources. This paper explains two alternative approaches, dual distribution and decentralized systems. It discusses their potential impact in terms of security concerns, utility operation and management, and condition assessment. This information should prove useful in helping utilities evaluate the suitability of each alternative to their system, making the best decision for their needs.