Chemical Compatibility and Durability of Soil-Bentonite Mixtures
Publication: Waste Containment and Remediation
Abstract
Hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted in the laboratory on compacted sand-bentonite mixtures using calcium chloride solutions at various concentrations and tap water to determine the effects of cation loading on the durability of the mixtures to simulated environmental stresses. Low concentrations of divalent cations are commonly found in groundwater, landfill leachate, and pore water in landfill cover systems that are exposed to wet-dry cycles. The hydraulic conductivity of specimens permeated with 0.05-M and 0.005-M CaCl2 increased by more than five orders of magnitude when exposed to cyclical wetting and drying and the lower concentration required more cycles to cause the same increase in hydraulic conductivity as with the 0.05-M solution. The hydraulic conductivity of the specimen permeated with tap water did not increase significantly when exposed to cyclical wetting and drying. Index tests were also conducted to measure the swelling potential of the bentonite when hydrated with the various solutions. The swelling potential of the bentonite decreases with increasing concentrations of calcium ions and with additional cycles of wetting and drying.
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Copyright
© 2005 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: May 7, 2012
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Chemicals
- Chemistry
- Compacted soils
- Environmental engineering
- Foundation construction
- Foundations
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Hydraulic conductivity
- Material durability
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials characterization
- Materials engineering
- Mixtures
- Soil mechanics
- Soil mixing
- Soil properties
- Soil stress
- Soil water
- Soils (by type)
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