Design Considerations for Inclusions by Limited Mobility Displacement Grouting

Many factors must be considered in the design of inclusions to be created by Limited Mobility Displacement (LMD) grouting. Inclusions can serve many functions from simple displacement of the surrounding soils to cause compaction, to forming structural columns and improving continuity of rock masses. The creation of inclusions is dependent upon the grout properties, subsurface conditions, and the design objectives. Practical limitations dictate the controllable size of inclusions, while grout and soil properties, and construction procedures control the strength and shape of injected masses. This paper reviews analytical tools for design of inclusions and presents recommendations for their use.