Fragility Curves and Methodology for Estimating Postearthquake Occupancy of Wood-Frame Single-Family Houses on a Regional Scale
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VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 5
Abstract
With the exception of older dwellings built on cripple walls, wood-frame single-family houses in California have shown adequate levels of safety against collapse in previous earthquakes. However, damage to chimneys and structural walls includes widespread types of damage that have resulted in houses being posted with yellow or red tags, restricting their postearthquake occupancy. By using analytical models, we develop fragility curves, sometimes also referred to as fragility functions, for estimating the probability of damage to masonry chimneys and severe damage to shear walls in wood-frame single-family houses as a function of the number of stories of the house, the year the chimney was built, and the ground motion intensity. Fragility curves are provided as a function of two different ground motion intensity measures: the 5%-damped average spectral pseudoacceleration at a period of 0.16 s, and the peak ground acceleration. The proposed fragility curves are used within a fully probabilistic methodology for estimating the number of wood-frame single-family houses with chimney and wall damage in Napa, California, due to the 2014 South Napa earthquake. Results are compared to estimates computed using three previously proposed methodologies and with empirical data collected after the earthquake. The proposed fragility curves and methodology lead to estimations of the number of houses with chimney and wall damage that are between 2 and 10 times less biased than those computed using previous damage estimation procedures.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Models and data that are required to replicate the results of this study are available from the following sources:
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Ground motion records are publicly available at the PEER NGA-West2 ground motion database (https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/).
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House models used in this investigation are described and discussed in Heresi and Miranda (2021).
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The exposure information of the single-family houses within the Napa city limits was obtained from Google and Zillow Inc., using their APIs as described in the present article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge CONICYT–Becas Chile, the Nancy Grant Chamberlain Fellowship, the Charles H. Leavell Fellowship, the Shah Graduate Student Fellowship, and the John A. Blume Fellowship for their financial support to the first author for conducting his doctoral studies at Stanford University under the supervision of the second author. The authors also thank the financial support of the UPS Endowment Fund for Transportation, Logistics and Urban Issues at Stanford, and the FONDECYT Postdoctoral Project No. 3200924. Finally, the authors would also like to acknowledge the eight anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the quality of this article.
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Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 5 • May 2021
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© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 4, 2020
Accepted: Dec 11, 2020
Published online: Feb 19, 2021
Published in print: May 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jul 19, 2021
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