Virtual Testbeds for Community Resilience Analysis: State-of-the-Art Review, Consensus Study, and Recommendations
Publication: Natural Hazards Review
Volume 23, Issue 4
Abstract
As the quantitative hazard research, particularly stemming from the engineering fields, aims to move from component- and building-level modeling into the interdisciplinary space of community-level modeling for resilience, the need to test, verify, and validate community resilience algorithms becomes a critical challenge; virtual testbeds are an effective tool for such purposes. We define a virtual testbed as an environment with enough supporting architecture and metadata to be representative of one or more systems such that the testbed can be used to design experiments, examine model or system integration, and test theories. Testbeds enable researchers to assess multidisciplinary integrated community resilience models, thereby helping decision makers to make better community hazard mitigation plans and recovery decisions. This paper leverages the current momentum on using virtual testbeds for community resilience analysis to dissect what testbeds are in practice. To obtain consensus on the presented definition of a testbed, the paper conducted a virtual survey with testbed experts. The survey primarily explored how testbeds have been used across different disciplines, how testbeds differ from case studies, and what are the minimum requirements for a testbed. The paper, then, presents findings from a systematic literature review on 22 identified existing community resilience testbeds and 103 associated publications. According to the literature review and survey results, community resilience testbeds should have both a hazard module and a community module that ideally includes physical, social, and economic systems. The literature review concludes with a discussion on the available tools for testbed development, typical challenges testbed developers encounter, and areas for future testbed research. The availability of existing testbeds for reuse by other researchers, standardization of the development and publication process of new testbeds including obtaining, cleaning, and validating the required data, and verification of numerical algorithms are the main detected issues that need to be addressed in future research.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available in a repository or online in accordance with funder data retention policies. The expert survey results, instruments, and reports that are referred to in this study are available in the DesignSafe-CI data repository at https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-9w9v-my55.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the 90 expert survey respondents for the time and care spent in completing the survey. Their insight was particularly helpful in shaping the testbed definition posed here. The research reported here was partially supported by an Early-Career Research Fellowship from the Gulf Research Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (Grant No. 2000010686). The fellowship recipient, Elaina Sutley, is particularly grateful for the flexible and supportive fellowship award. This material is also based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI 1847373. This work was partially supported by the Center for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning, a NIST-funded Center of Excellence. The Center is funded through a cooperative agreement between the US National Institute of Standards and Technology and Colorado State University (Grant No. 70NANB20H008). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Gulf Research Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or the US Department of Commerce.
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Volume 23 • Issue 4 • November 2022
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