Two-Step Mixing Process Elaboration of the Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixture Based on Surface Energy Theory
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 10
Abstract
Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is a multicomponent mixture composed of asphalt, coarse and fine aggregates, fillers, and other necessary additives. The bitumen–aggregate adhesion and performance of HMA are mainly dependent on such factors as mixing temperature and time, raw material characteristics, and mixing sequence of raw materials. The latter factor is the least reported in the literature. In recent years, surface energy theory has significantly been employed as the method for the prediction of bitumen–aggregate adhesion and mixture performance. This paper provides the optimization of the HMA mixing process based on the surface energy theory. A quantitative index called the total adhesion work is proposed from the perspective of energy change, which can be used to determine the two-step adding proportion of fine aggregate. Assuming that asphalt is in the hot-melt state rather than solid-state during the actual mixing process, a method for testing the surface energy components of hot-melt asphalt is proposed. Based on the total adhesion work, several different mixing processes are used to produce HMA, and the optimal one was identified experimentally. It is shown that the asphalt mixture performance can be improved by optimizing the adding sequence and proportion of the fine aggregate. The enhancement of HMA high-temperature performance and water stability is the most pronounced when the total adhesion work ratio of the two-step addition procedure approaches unity.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The research was supported by the grant from National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB1600100). The sponsorships are gratefully acknowledged.
References
Aguiar-Moya, J., J. Salazar-Delgado, A. Baldi-Sevilla, F. Leiva-Villacorta, and L. Loria-Salazar. 2017. “Effect of aging on adhesion properties of asphalt mixtures with the use of bitumen bond strength and surface energy measurement tests.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2505 (1): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.3141/2505-08.
Alavi, M., E. Y. Hajj, A. Hanz, and H. U. Bahia. 2012. “Evaluating adhesion properties and moisture damage susceptibility of warm-mix asphalts bitumen bond strength and dynamic modulus ratio tests.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2295 (1): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.3141/2295-06.
Al-Bayati, H., and S. L. Tighe. 2019. “Effect of recycled concrete aggregate on rutting and stiffness characteristics of asphalt mixtures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (10): 04019219. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002810.
Azarion, Y., H. Shirmohammadi, G. H. Hamedi, and D. Saedi. 2019. “Model for predicting moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures based on material properties.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (10): 04019239. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002882.
Brown, E., and L. A. Cooley. 1999. Designing stone matrix asphalt mixtures for rut-resistant pavements. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
China Communications Press. 2004. Technical specifications for highway asphalt pavement recycling. [In Chinese.] JTG F41-2008. Beijing: China Communications Press.
Clint, J. H. 2001. “Adhesion and components of solid surface energies.” Curr. Opin. Colloid. Intersurface Sci. 6 (1): 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0294(00)00084-4.
Cucalon, L., A. Bhasin, E. Kassem, D. Little, B. E. Herbert, and E. Masad. 2017. “Physicochemical characterization of binder-aggregate adhesion varying with temperature and moisture.” J. Transp. Eng. B Pavements 143 (3): 04017007. https://doi.org/10.1061/JPEODX.0000001.
Drelich, J., K. Bukka, J. D. Miller, and F. V. Hanson. 1994. “Surface tension of toluene-extracted bitumens from Utah oil sands as determined by Wilhelmy plate and contact angle technicals.” Energy Fuels 8 (3): 700–704. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00045a026.
Du, Z., and X. Y. Zhu. 2019. “Molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the adhesion and diffusion of asphalt binder on aggregate surfaces.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2673 (4): 500–512. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119837223.
Gong, M., H. R. Zhu, T. Pauli, J. Yang, J. M. Wei, and Z. H. Yao. 2017. “Evaluation of bio-binder modified asphalt’s adhesion behavior using sessile drop device and atomic force microscopy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 145 (1): 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.114.
Guo, P., Y. X. Feng, W. F. Wei, L. H. He, and B. M. Tang. 2019. “Adhesion of warm-mix recycled asphalt aggregate mixtures based on surface free energy theory.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (10): 04019219. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002802.
Hesami, E., B. Birgisson, and N. Kringos. 2015. “Effect of mixing sequence on the workability and performance of asphalt mixtures.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 16 (S2): 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2015.1077008.
Hossain, K., A. Karakas, and Z. Hossain. 2019. “Effects of aging and rejuvenation on surface-free energy measurements and adhesion of asphalt mixtures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (7): 04019125. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002780.
Howson, J., E. Masad, D. Little, and E. Kassem. 2012. “Relationship between bond energy and total work of fracture for asphalt binder-aggregate systems.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 13 (S1): 281–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2012.657094.
Huang, L. S. 2017. “Evaluation of the cooling and pavement performance of basic oxygen furnace slag used in asphalt mixture.” Appl. Sci. (Basel) 7 (12): 1226. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7121226.
Jahanian, H., G. Shafabakhsh, and H. Divandari. 2017. “Performance evaluation of hot mix asphalt (HMA) containing bitumen modified with Gilsonite.” Constr. Build. Mater. 131 (Jan): 156–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.069.
Kandhal, P., and F. Parker. 1998. Aggregate tests related to asphalt concrete performance in pavements. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Kiggundu, B., and F. L. Roberts. 1988. Stripping in HMA mixtures: State-of-the-art and critical review of test method. Sydney: NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal.
Koc, M., and R. Bulut. 2014. “Assessment of a sessile drop device and a new testing approach measuring contact angles on aggregates and asphalt binders.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26 (3): 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000852.
Li, B., Y. Wang, X. Y. Ren, X. Q. Teng, and X. L. Su. 2019. “Influence of ultraviolet aging on adhesion performance of warm mix asphalt based on the surface free energy theory.” Appl. Sci. 9 (10): 2046. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102046.
Li, Y., J. Yang, and T. Tan. 2015. “Study on adhesion between asphalt binders and aggregate minerals under ambient conditions using particle-modified atomic force microscope probes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101 (1): 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.011.
Miknis, F., A. T. Pauli, A. Beemer, and B. Wilde. 2005. “Use of NMR imaging to measure interfacial properties of asphalts.” Fuel 84 (9): 1041–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.12.019.
Pauli, A., W. Grimes, S. C. Huang, and R. E. Robertson. 2003. “Surface energy studies of asphalts by AFM.” Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Pet. Chem. 48 (1): 14–18.
Rouzbeh, G., S. Dharamveer, and Z. Musharraf. 2014. “Evaluation of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixes containing RAP and different types of aggregates and asphalt binders using the surface free energy method.” Constr. Build. Mater. 73 (Dec): 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.042.
Sun, Y., L. H. Li, and Y. N. Sun. 2017. “Test method and test condition of asphalt surface energy.” [In Chinese.] J. Build. Mater. 20 (3): 489–494.
Tan, Y., and M. Guo. 2013. “Using surface free energy method to study the cohesion and adhesion of asphalt mastic.” Constr. Build. Mater. 47 (Oct): 254–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.067.
Thyparambi, A., W. Yang, and R. A. Latour. 2012. “Determination of peptide–surface adsorption free energy for material surfaces not conducive to SPR or QCM using AFM.” Langmuir 28 (13): 5687–5694. https://doi.org/10.1021/la300315r.
Wu, R., W. Harvey, J. Buscheck, and A. Mateos. 2019. “Development and demonstration of hot mix asphalt design guidance for mix performance-related specifications.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2673 (2): 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119826082.
Xing, C. W., L. P. Liu, Y. Cui, and D. Ding. 2020a. “Analysis of base bitumen chemical composition and aging behaviors via atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy.” Fuel 264 (Mar): 116845.
Xing, C. W., L. P. Liu, and J. W. Sheng. 2020b. “A new progressed mastic aging method and effect of fillers on SBS modified bitumen aging.” Constr. Build. Mater. 238 (Mar): 117732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117732.
Xing, C. W., L. P. Liu, and M. Wang. 2019. “A new preparation method and imaging parameters of asphalt binder samples for atomic force microscopy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 205 (Apr): 622–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.027.
Young, T. 1805. “An essay on the cohesion of fluids.” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 95 (Dec): 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1805.0005.
Zhang, D., and H. Q. Liu. 2018. “Proposed approach for determining consistent energy parameters based on the surface free energy theory.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (11): 04018287. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002467.
Zhou, S. W. 2013. “Research on anti-frost property of cold asphalt mixture base on surface free energy theory.” [In Chinese.] Ph.D. thesis. Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32 • Issue 10 • October 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 11, 2019
Accepted: Apr 10, 2020
Published online: Jul 30, 2020
Published in print: Oct 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Dec 30, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.